西北汉简中“柱马”与“柱”新考

New Interpretations of Zhu Ma(柱马)and Zhu(柱)in Northwest Han Bamboo Slips

“柱马”一词在西北汉简中多次出现,学界对其意义争议颇大,主要有备用马、正马或主马、专用马、驮马、驻马五种观点。对于“柱”,有通“住”、通“驻”两种说法。在全面梳理简牍中“柱马”和“柱”的基础上,并结合传世文献,文章认为“柱”通“驻”,是停留、逗留义。“柱马”就是“驻马”,是传马的一种,是因接送客人等任务而逗留、停留在某地的马匹。传马自接到任务起就称为柱马,直到完成任务回到本地止。在接到任务等待客人的阶段,“柱马”似为“备用马”,但就整体阶段来说,这种说法是不准确的。后世有“驻马”,是动宾结构,与汉简中偏正结构的名词“柱马”不同。

The word Zhu ma(柱马)appears many times in the Han bamboo slips in northwest China,and the academic circles have a great controversy about its meaning.There are five main viewpoints:reserve horse,regular horse or main horse,special horse,pack horse and resident horse.There are two views on zhu(柱):zhu(住residence)and zhu(驻stay).On the basis of combing Zhu Ma and Zhu in bamboo slips,and combining with the handed down literature,the article holds that Zhu(柱)Zhu(驻),while means staying,are interchangeable words.Zhu ma is"stationed in the horse",which is a kind of horse transmission,and it is a horse that stays in a certain place because of tasks such as picking up guests.In later generations,there was a verb-object structure called Zhuma(驻马),which was different from the noun Zhuma(柱马)in the Chinese bamboo slips.