现代汉语中的“连A带B”结构——以白话文经典作家老舍中文小说语料库为依据

On the Structure“Lian A Dai B”in Modern Chinese:On the Basis of Fiction Corpus of Lao She,Classical Writer in Vernacular

通过对老舍小说语言的考察分析,可以发现现代汉语中“连A带B”短语结构的功能特点。在现代汉语中,能够进入“连A带B”这种格式的A、B位置的,词性必须一致,共有名词、动词、形容词、代词、区别词、不成词语素和短语7种。这种格式构成的形式和出现例次以四字语为主。名词性的“连A带B”短语,由名词、代词、区别词、名词性不成词语素和名词性短语构成,表示“处于同一时空语境中互相关联的两项不同事物(同时如何)”的意思;由表示相对或反义的形容词构成的,统指“具有A、B性质的同类人或事物(同时如何)”;动词性“连A带B”短语,进入A、B位置的必须是表示主观意志可以控制的动作的自主动词,整个“连A带B”短语表示“由同一主体发出的同类的紧接或同时发生的动作”意思;形容词性“连A带B”短语,都是由表示负向不如意性质、状态的形容词构成,表示“同一主体(主事)同时具有的两种不如意的状态”。

Through investigating and analyzing the language of Lao She's novels,we can find the functional characteristics of the structure“lian(连)A dai(带)B”in modern Chinese.Here are 7 kinds of nouns,verbs,adjectives,pronouns,distinguishing words,non-word morphemes and phrases that can enter the format of“lian(连)A dai(带)B”,and the part of speech must be consistent.The forms and occurrences of this structure are mainly shown in quadrisyllabic words.Nominal“lian(连)A dai(带)B”consists of nouns,pronouns,distinguishing words,nominal non-word morphemes and nominal phrases,denoting the meaning of how two different interrelated things in the same space-time context act at the same time;adjective“lian(连)A dai(带)B”with relative antonyms all refers to how the same kind of persons or things with the quality of A and B act at the same time;for verbal“lian(连)A dai(带)B”,the autonomous verbs that are controlled by subjective will can enter the position of A and B,and the whole structure means the same kind of immediate or simultaneous actions taken by the same subject;adjective“lian(连)A dai(带)B”is composed of adjectives expressing the nature and state of negative dissatisfaction,which means the same subject having two dissatisfactory states at the same time.