数据犯罪刑法规制的价值选择、法益定位及利益识别

Value Selection,Legal Interest Positioning,and Interest Identification in the Criminal Regulation of Data Crimes

现有理论中,数据、系统、信息构成了围绕数据的技术性特征的不同面向与取舍的选择,也构成了《刑法》第二百八十五条第二款与第二百八十六条第二款的不同规范目的。数据在存在形态和价值内容上独立于计算机信息系统,与“信息”也分别代表了不同层面的问题域。当前我国刑法理论应选取“数据中心”的路径,将数据控制利益作为新的价值形式予以保护。数据犯罪的法益建构应着眼于数据控制的状态所具有的社会意义和实际利益。数据控制利益具有包容性,数据犯罪作为普通法条,一般情况下是“备而不用”的立法设置,刑法要对数据控制状态体现的利益诉求进行识别,活用罪数竞合关系合理划定数据犯罪与传统犯罪的适用范围。

In the current theories,data,computer information systems and information constitute different aspects and choices around the technical characteristics of data,and also constitutes different normative purposes of Article 285(2) and Article 286(2) of the Criminal Law.Data,in terms of its form of existence and value content,is independent of computer information systems and represents distinct problem domains compared to “information”.The current criminal law theory in China should adopt the path of “data center” and protect data control interests as a new form of value.The construction of legal interests in data crimes should focus on the social significance and practical benefits of data control state.The interests of data control are inclusive.As a common law article,data crimes are generally a legislative setting that is “prepared but not used”.Criminal law should identify the interest demands embodied in the state of data control,and reasonably delimit the scope of application between data crime and traditional crime by flexible using the concurrence relationship of crime counts.