刑事一体化视野下前科消灭制度的本土化构建

Localization Construction of Criminal Record Elimination System from the Perspective of Criminal Integration

轻罪案件数量的显著增长促使我国加快推进前科消灭制度的建立。现亟须以刑事一体化视野破除前科消灭制度的理论研究困局。犯罪记录封存和前科消灭是程序和实体并行不悖的关系。前科消灭需要依靠犯罪记录的彻底封存程序,才能实现其实体权利恢复的目的。构建中国特色的前科消灭制度需要程序和实体共同的制度合力。在刑事程序法中,应在未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的基础之上延伸出犯罪记录的彻底封存程序,并以此为契机对我国的犯罪记录制度进行体系化构建,保障犯罪记录封存制度的有效实现。在刑事实体法中,亟须对《刑法》第一百条犯罪记录报告条款进行合理修正,并补充前科消灭制度的立法供给。科学设计前科消灭制度时应系统考虑其适用范围、考察条件、程序模式、法律效力及配套保障等方面。

The remarkable increase in the number of misdemeanor cases has prompted China to accelerate the establishment of a system for expungement of criminal records.It is urgent to break through the theoretical research dilemma of criminal record elimination system from the perspective of criminal integration.Criminal file sealing and criminal record elimination are parallelly procedural and substantial.The elinimation of criminal records requires a thorough sealing process of criminal files in order to achieve the purpose of restoring their substantive rights.The construction of a criminal record elimination system with Chinese characteristics requires the joint institutional synergy of procedural law and substantive law.In the Criminal Procedure Law,the procedure for the thorough sealing of criminal files should be extended on the basis of the juvenile criminal file sealing system,and this should be taken as an opportunity to systematically construct China's criminal file system to ensure the effective realization of the criminal file sealing system.In the substantive criminal law,there is an urgent need to make reasonable amendments to the criminal file reporting provisions of Article 100 of the Criminal Law,and supplement the legislative provision of the criminal record elimination system.When scientifically designing the system for the elimination of criminal records,it is necessary to systematically consider its scope of application,examination conditions,procedural model,legal effect and supporting safeguards.