乳源外泌体调节肠道生理功能的研究进展

Research Progress on the Role of Milk-Derived Exosomes in Regulating Intestinal Physiological Functions

外泌体是直径为30~150 nm的细胞外囊泡,广泛参与细胞间通讯、疾病诊断、能够作为药物递送载体靶向治疗疾病。由于缺乏获得足够外泌体的来源和方法,其作为药物载体的治疗应用受到限制。乳中含有丰富的外泌体,多项研究表明,乳源外泌体在预防和治疗肠道疾病方面起着至关重要的作用。本文综述目前文献报道的乳源外泌体的提取、鉴定方法,并探讨乳源外泌体通过保护肠道屏障、缓解肠道炎症、调节肠道菌群及促进肠道细胞增殖调节肠道生理功能的作用。乳源外泌体具有无不良免疫反应和炎症反应等多种优点,明确乳源外泌体的肠道生理调节功能有助于进一步研究乳源外泌体在预防和治疗肠道疾病中的作用。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles(EVs)with a diameter of 30–150 nm.They are widely involved in intercellular communication and disease diagnosis,and can serve as drug delivery carriers for targeted disease treatment.Due to the lack of sufficient sources and methods to obtain exosomes,their therapeutic application as drug carriers is limited.Milk contains abundant exosomes.Multiple studies have shown that milk-derived exosomes play a crucial role in preventing and treating intestinal diseases.This article reviews the extraction and identification methods of milk-derived exosomes reported in the literature.It also discusses the role of milk-derived exosomes in regulating intestinal physiological functions by protecting the intestinal barrier,alleviating intestinal inflammation,regulating the intestinal microbiota,and promoting intestinal cell proliferation.Milk-derived exosomes have various advantages such as no adverse immune reactions or inflammatory reactions.Understanding the regulatory mechanism of milk-derived exosomes on intestinal physiological functions can help further study their role in preventing and treating intestinal diseases.