中国减贫经验的理论解释——以四川省盐源县苹果产业为例

Theoretical Explanation of China's Poverty Reduction Experience——Case of Apple Industry in Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province

乡村减贫与发展是全球可持续发展的重要课题。基于“有为政府”与“有效市场”结合视角,梳理四川省凉山州盐源县苹果产业扶贫的逻辑,聚焦短期“扶贫”、中期“扶志”、长期“扶智”的盐源苹果产业扶贫理念与模式,探索农村减贫中“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的制度创新。研究发现,内嵌于村庄特色资源禀赋情境的苹果产业形成长效机制,成为支撑农户收入增长、脱贫致富的支柱产业。在“后脱贫”时代,需要注重营造“有效市场”环境,发展比较优势凸显的苹果产业,完善产业扶贫与产业兴旺有效衔接机制,支持构建市场主导、政府引导的长效型产业发展格局。凝练得出贫困治理的不同阶段中“市场失灵—政府补位—有为政府(不越位)—有效市场”的中国减贫经验,即脱贫攻坚期“有为政府”主导绝对贫困的消除,后脱贫时代“有效市场”引导相对贫困消减,是中国式产业减贫经验的理论核心。

Based on the combined perspective of"effective government"and"efficient market",the logical framework of apple industry poverty alleviation was constructed in Yanyuan County,Liangshan Prefecture,Sichuan Province,focusing on the concept and mode of"poverty alleviation"in the short term,"supporting aspiration"in the medium term and"supporting wisdom"in the long term,and explored the institutional innovation of the combination of"effective government"and"efficient market"in rural poverty reduction.This study found that the apple industry embedded in the context of village characteristic resource endowment formed a long-term mechanism and became the pillar industry to support farmers'income growth and poverty alleviation.In the"post-poverty eradication"era,it was necessary to focus on creating an"efficient market"environment,develop an apple industry with prominent comparative advantages,improve the effective linkage mechanism between industrial poverty alleviation and industrial prosperity,and support the construction of a long-term industrial development pattern led by the market and guided by the government.China's poverty reduction experience of"market failure—government replacement—active government(not offside)—effective market"in different stages of poverty governance had been condensed,that was,the eradication of absolute poverty led by the"active government"during the poverty eradication period,and the subsequent in the era of poverty alleviation,the"effective market"guided the reduction of relative poverty,which was the theoretical core of the poverty reduction experience of Chinese-style industries.