基于改进型AHP的公路工程全过程造价控制研究

Research on whole process cost control of highway engineering based on improved AHP

公路工程建设成本高的问题亟需解决。AHP(层次分析法)是基于专家经验对风险因素进行评价的方法,可将复杂问题简化,将多标准问题结构化。但该方法是根据所有专家评分的统计结果,计算各因素几何平均分后构建判断矩阵,进而计算各指标权重值,过程中受专家专业程度和主观判断等因素影响,判断误差较大,可能造成评估结果不准确。基于此,建立某高速公路建设项目全过程造价控制分析模型,采用改进型的AHP方法,对项目全过程造价控制因素进行评估。改进型的AHP方法是根据每个专家给出的影响因素评分分别建立目标层的综合判断矩阵。当判断矩阵的一致性在可接受范围内时,计算判断矩阵的最大特征值,进而计算一致性指标函数值。一致性指标函数值的大小,代表专家的评估结果与现场实际的接近程度。结合判断力权值忽略误差较大的专家评分后,将剩余各专家的评分结合判断力权值加权平均,得到综合判断矩阵。最后,根据综合判断矩阵求取影响因素的权重值,将影响因素权重进行排序。结果表明,某高速公路建设项目土建工程的型式及规模、建设单位要求,施工现场实际情况、工料机、设计总体方面等因素对项目全过程造价控制影响较大,且该结果与项目实际情况基本吻合。在某高速公路建设项目建设中,应重点关注这些因素,科学合理地控制工程造价。

The problem of high construction cost of highway engineering needs to be solved urgently.AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)evaluates risk factors based on expert experience,which can simplify complex problems and structuring multi-standard problems.However,according to the statistical results of all experts’scores,this method calculates the geometric average score of each factor,and then constructs a judgment matrix after calculating the weight value of each index.During the process,due to factors such as experts’professionalism and subjective judgment,the judgment error is large,which may cause inaccurate evaluation results.Based on this,the analysis model of the whole process cost control of a highway construction project is established,and the improved AHP method is used to evaluate the factors of the whole process cost control of the project.The improved AHP method establishes the comprehensive judgment matrix of the target layer according to the scores of influencing factors given by each expert.The maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix is calculated,when the consistency of the judgment matrix is within the acceptable range,and then the value of the consistency index function is calculated.The value of the consistency index function represents the closeness between the expert’s evaluation results and the actual situation on site.After ignoring the scores of experts with large errors by combining the weight of judgments,the scores of the remaining experts are weighted and averaged,by combining the judgment weights a comprehensive judgment matrix is obtained.Finally,the weight values of influencing factors are obtained according to the obtained comprehensive judgment matrix,and the weights of influencing factors are sorted.The results show that the type and scale of civil engineering in a highway construction project,the requirements of the construction unit,the actual situation of the construction site,materials and machinery,and overall design factors have a significant impact on the whole process cost control.This result is basically consistent with the actual situation of the project.In the construction of this highway project,attention should be paid to these factors and the engineering cost should be controlled scientifically and reasonably.