土壤调理剂及其粒径对酸性红壤的改良效应

Soil Conditioner and Effect of Its Particle Sizes on the Acid Red Soil

针对酸性红壤的特性,结合不同粒径调理剂中物质释放规律的不同,探寻出最优的调理剂粒径。通过模拟水浸提、恒温土培、盆栽试验和野外田间试验的方式,说明随着时间的推移,所有粒径的调理剂在水中的pH值逐渐升高,且粒径越小pH值越大,直至77d时,不同粒径调理剂在水中的pH值无显著性差异;不同粒径调理剂盐基离子(K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+))释放量也逐渐降低,刚开始到第21d释放量线性下降,之后慢慢下降最后趋于平稳。在第7d到21d之间,不同粒径调理剂中钾、钠和镁离子的释放量出现了相等的时间点,而钙离子释放量相等的时间段出现在第21d到35d间。土培试验表明所有粒径的调理剂对酸性红壤的pH值,钾钠钙镁离子含量和速效养分含量有不同程度的提升,其中粒径1~2 mm和2~3 mm的调理剂对土壤盐基离子(K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+))含量提高显著高于其他粒径,分别提高了34.48%和31.03%、61.94%和47.01%与83.33%和70.08%,盆栽花生施用调理剂后,土壤中得pH值增加了0.09~0.18个单位,土壤交换性H+和交换性Al3+含量分别降低了0.01~0.08cmol(+)/kg和0.28~1.48 cmol(+)/kg,田间试验中花生产量较优处理是调理剂粒径1~2 mm和2~3 mm,显著高于其他处理,产量分别提高了25.18%和29.51%,土壤调理剂粒径范围1~2 mm和2~3 mm对酸性红壤的改良效果显著高于其他粒径。

This paper aims to find out the best particle size range of soil conditioner according to characteristics of acid soil and release rules of soil conditioners varying in particle size.This study was mainly carried out by adopting the methods of indoor water extraction,constant-temperature soil culture,pot experiment and field experiment.The results showed that the pH value of each conditioner varying in particle size in water increased gradually with the extension of time,the smaller the particle size,the greater the pH value.By the 77th day,the the conditioners varying in particle size had no significant difference in terms of pH value.The release of each base cation(K^(+),Na^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+))in the conditioners varying in particle size gradually reduced,showing a linear reduction from the 1st day to the 21^(st) day and then slowly decreasing to a stable value.From the 7th to 21^(st) day,there the release of each of potassium,sodium,and magnesium ions in conditioners of different particle sizes was equal sometimes,while the equal release period for calcium ions occurred between the 21^(st) and 35^(th) day.Soil cultivation experiments showed that conditioners of all particle sizes improved the pH value,content of potassium,sodium calcium and magnesium ions,and available nutrient content of acidic red soil to varying degrees.Conditioners with particle sizes of 1~2 mm and 2~3 mm significantlyincreased the content of soil base ions(K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+))compared to other particle sizes,with increases of 34.48%and 31.03%,61.94%and 47.01%,and 83.33%and 70.08%,respectively.After applying conditioners to potted peanuts,the pH value of the soil increased by 0.09~0.18 units,and the content of exchangeable H^(+)and exchangeable Al3+in the soil decreased by 0.01~0.08 cmol(+)/kg and 0.28~1.48 cmol(+)/kg,respectively.In field trials,the optimal peanut yield treatment was with conditioner particle sizes of 1~2 mm and 2~3 mm,which were significantly higher than other treatments,with yield increases of 25.18%and 29.51%,respectively.The improvement effects of soil conditioners with particle size ranges of 1~2 mm and 2~3 mm on acidic red soil were significantly higher than those of other particle sizes.