非常规天然气勘探开发技术经济特征

Exploration and development in unconventional gas:Technical and economic characteristics

随着天然气勘探开发进程深入推进,常规天然气增储上产的难度逐渐增大,天然气勘探开发领域从以常规气为主逐步转向常规气与非常规气并举,但常规天然气和非常规天然气在技术经济特征方面存在明显差异。为此,立足成因与地质特征、勘探开发风险、勘探开发成本以及开发技术体系等方面,对中国常规气与非常规气开展了对比分析。研究结果表明:①我国非常规天然气的成因与地质特征更为复杂,应通过对标等方式进一步摸清我国非常规气地质条件情况及发展规律,降低勘探工作的不确定性;②非常规天然气勘探开发风险普遍更高,需通过风险识别、风险评价、风险管理成熟度研究等方式摸清风险底数,将风险“被动遇见”转变成“主动预见”;③非常规天然气开发成本总体高于常规天然气,可采取常规-非常规天然气、非常规天然气间联探并采、加大技术研发提高开发效率、统筹优化作业环节减少无效成本、加强安全风险控制降低事故发生率、推行成本目标管理制度等降低开发成本;④常规与非常规天然气技术体系各有侧重,可通过设立创新研究专项资金、搭建非常规气知识共享平台、理论研究与实践应用协同推进等措施促进技术进步。

It's increasingly difficult for conventional natural gas to scale up both reserves and production with the advancement of exploration and development in natural gas.Natural-gas exploration and development is gradually shifting from conventional to unconventional domains.However,there exists significant difference in technical and economic traits between them.Thus,the comparative analysis was conducted for China's conventional and unconventional gas based on their genesis and geological features,exploration risks and costs,and development technologies.Results show that(i)unconventional gas in our country has more complicating genesis and geological features.It's essential to figure out its geologic conditions and evolution laws through benchmarking methodology so as to reduce exploration uncertainties;(ii)for unconventional gas,the exploration and development risks are generally higher,which should be turned from"passive meeting with"to"active foresight"by means of some studies on its identification,evaluation,and management to get clear pictures;(iii)unconventional gas spends higher development costs than conventional gas on the whole.Thereupon,some measures for cost reduction should be made,such as joint exploration and production between these two domains,enlarging technological R&D to raise development efficiency,optimizing operation steps to cut down invalid costs,strengthening safety risk control to diminish accident incidence,and pushing on cost's target management;and(iv)technologies used in both conventional and unconventional gas have their own style.Technical progress can be facilitate by setting up special fund for innovative research,building up knowledge-sharing platforms for unconventional gas,and collaboratively promoting theoretical research and practical application.