口腔健康相关自我效能在老年人口腔衰弱风险与营养间的中介效应

Mediating effect of oral health-related self-efficacy on relationship between oral frailty risk and nutrition in the elderly

目的探讨口腔健康相关自我效能在老年人口腔衰弱风险与营养间的中介效应。方法采用便利抽样法于2023年3月至4月选取泸州市5个社区的223名老年人为研究对象,应用一般资料调查表、口腔衰弱指标筛查-8、微型营养评估简表及老年口腔健康相关自我效能量表对患者进行调查。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间比较。采用Spearman相关性分析探索老年人口腔衰弱、口腔健康相关自我效能及营养间的关系。采用逐步回归法检验口腔健康相关自我效能在老年人口腔衰弱风险和营养间的中介效应。结果老年人口腔衰弱高风险发生率为59.2%(132/223),口腔健康相关自我效能和营养得分分别为54.0(50.0,57.0)分和11.0(10.0,13.0)分;老年人口腔衰弱风险与口腔健康相关自我效能呈负相关(r=-0.495;P<0.01),与营养呈负相关(r=-0.698;P<0.01);口腔健康相关自我效能与营养呈正相关(r=0.467;P<0.01)。口腔健康相关自我效能是口腔衰弱风险与营养的中介变量,中介效应占总效应的14%。结论老年人口腔衰弱风险可通过口腔健康相关自我效能间接影响营养,医务人员应重视老年人口腔健康教育和干预,提高老年人口腔健康相关自我效能,改善营养状况。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of oral health-related self-efficacy on the relationship between oral frailty risk and nutrition in the elderly.Methods From March 2023 to April 2023,223 elderly people from five communities in Luzhou City were selected as subjects by convenience sampling.The patients were investigated using general data questionnaire,oral frailty index-8(OFI-8),mini nutritional assessment short form(MNA-SF)and oral health related self-efficacy scale.SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis.According to the data type,Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between oral frailty risk and oral health-related quality of life and nutrition in the elderly.Stepwise regression was used to examine the effect of oral health-related self-efficacy on the relationship between oral frailty risk and nutrition in the elderly.Results The incidence of high risk of oral frailty in the elderly was 59.2%(132/223).The scores of oral health-related self-efficacy and nutrition were 54.0(50.0,57.0)and 11.0(10.0,13.0)points,respectively.The risk of oral frailty in the elderly was negatively correlated with oral health-related self-efficacy(r=-0.495;P<0.01)and negatively correlated with nutrition(r=-0.698;P<0.01).Oral health-related self-efficacy was positively correlated with nutrition(r=0.467,P<0.01).Oral health-related self-efficacy was a mediating variable between oral frailty risk and nutrition,and the mediating effect accounted for 14%of the total effect.Conclusion The risk of oral frailty in the elderly can indirectly affect nutrition through oral health-related self-efficacy.Medical professionals should pay attention to oral health education and intervention for the elderly,thus improving oral health-related self-efficacy and nutritional status of the elderly.