俄罗斯华人女性问题研究(19世纪下半叶至20世纪上半叶)

Studies on Chinese Women in Russia(From the Second Half of the 19th Century to the First Half of the 20th century)

在俄罗斯华人研究史中对华人女性的研究和关注很少。笔者结合相关学者的研究详细梳理了从19世纪下半叶至20世纪上半叶在俄罗斯(苏联)远东地区华人女性的人口、分布及生活情况。19世纪下半叶至20世纪上半叶在俄罗斯远东地区华人群体中女性占比很低,人数最高峰时曾达上千人。1920年代末华人女性在华人社群中的比例达10%左右。笔者认为,华人女性在苏联当地社会生产和政治生活中发挥的作用并不突出。1920—1930年代苏联处于剧烈的社会变革时期,华人女性的生活受到严重冲击,部分华人女性及其家人被迫从苏联迁出或遭受政治迫害。

For the studies on Chinese in Russia,little research and attention has been given to Chinese women.Based on the studies of relevant scholars,the author sorts out in detail the population,distribution and living conditions of Chinese women in the Far East of Russia from the second half of the 19th century to the 1930s.The research foundings go as the following:from the second half of the 19th century to the fi rst half of the 20th century,the proportion of women in the Chinese community in the Far East was very low with the number once reaching thousands at its peak;by the end of the 1920s,Chinese women made up about 10%of the Chinese community.The author believes that Chinese women didn’t play a more prominent role in local social production and political life in the Soviet Union;the reasons are that the drastic social changes in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s severely aff ected the lives of Chinese women,and that some Chinese women and their families were forced to move out of the Soviet Union or were subjected to political persecution.