扩大对外开放对中国边疆民族地区经济绿色转型的影响——基于绿色全要素生产率的研究

The Impact of Expanding Opening-up to the World on the Green Transformation of Economy in China's Border Ethnic Areas——Research Based on Green Total Factor Productivity

边疆民族地区是中国对外开放合作的前沿和窗口,也是中国重要的生态屏障,如何定位扩大对外开放在边疆民族地区经济绿色转型中的战略地位并发挥其作用是重要的研究议题。文章采用SBM-Malmquist指数方法测算中国边疆民族地区的绿色全要素生产率,选择全面FGLS回归实证分析2000-2022年边疆民族地区扩大对外开放对经济绿色转型的影响,并进行地区异质性分析。研究结果表明,现阶段中国边疆民族地区经济发展模式仍是依赖传统资本要素和能源投入的粗放型经济增长,节能减排任务艰巨。扩大边疆民族地区的贸易开放对提高绿色全要素生产率和绿色技术进步有显著的促进作用,而扩大外资开放对边疆民族地区绿色技术效率的提升有抑制作用,验证了“污染避难所假说”。扩大对外贸易有力地促进了广西、云南、新疆、内蒙古的经济绿色转型,而扩大对外投资有利于推动西藏的经济绿色发展。边疆民族地区应加快推进高水平对外开放,引导外资流向绿色化,加快发展新质生产力,促进经济绿色转型。

The border ethnic areas are the frontier and window of China's opening to and cooperation with the outside world,as well as an important ecological barrier.It is an important research topic how to position the strategic significance of expanding the opening-up in the green transformation of the economy in border ethnic areas and how to give it full play.This paper adopts SBM-Malmquist index method to measure the green total factor productivity of China's border ethnic areas,selects comprehensive FGLS regression analysis method to examine the impact of expanding opening-up to the outside world on green transformation of economy in ethnic areas from 2000 to 2022,and conducts a regional heterogeneity analysis.The results show that at present,the economic development mode of China's border ethnic areas is still relying on extensive economic growth of traditional capital elements and energy inputs,making the task of energy conservation and emission reduction quite arduous.The expansion of trade opening in border ethnic areas plays a significant role in promoting green total factor productivity and green technology progress,while that of foreign investment opening has a inhibiting effect on the improvement of green technology efficiency in border ethnic areas,which verifies the"Pollution Haven Hypothesis".Expanding foreign trade has effectively promoted the green transformation of economy in Guangxi,Yunnan,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia,and expanding foreign investment is conducive to promoting the green economic development in Xizang.Border ethnic areas should accelerate high-level opening-up,guide foreign investment to green industries,speed up the development of new quality productivity,and promote green transformation of economy.