我国居民社会支持状况的增龄变化和特征分析——来自跨年龄人群调查的经验证据

Age-Related Changes and Characterization of the Social Support Status of the Population in China:Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Age Population Survey

使用跨年龄人群大型调查数据,对不同年龄人群的社会网络和社会支持状况、社会服务需求和服务利用状况进行比较分析。研究发现,人们的社会支持网络随增龄存在明显的转折点和加速点,家庭始终是最为重要的社会支持来源。社会服务是强化个体正式社会支持的重要渠道,不同年龄群体对社会服务的需求既存在共性也有明显差异,社会服务需求和服务利用之间还存在比较大的缺口。基于数据分析,提出如下政策建议:立足社会连结和社会支持,着力建设社区生活共同体;不断完善家庭支持政策,发挥家庭在个体支持中的基础性作用;优化面向不同年龄群体的社会服务供给,促进全生命周期的积极健康老龄化。

On the basis of data from a large-scale cross-age survey,a comparative analysis of social networks and social support,social service demand and service utilization among people of different ages was conducted.It is found that there are obvious turning and accelerating points in people's social support network as they age,and that the family is always the most important source of social support.Social service is an important channel to strengthen formal social support of individuals,and there are both commonalities and obvious differences in the demand for social services among different age groups,and there is still a relatively large gap between the demand for and utilization of social services.Then the following policy recommendations were put forward through data analysis.Firstly,building living communities based on social connections and support.Secondly,continuously improving family support policies and playing the basic role of the family in individual support.Thirdly,optimizing the supply of social services for different age groups,so as to promote active and healthy ageing throughout the life cycle.