协同视角下中国养老服务资源配置与利用效率

Resource Allocation and Utilization Efficiency of China's Eldercare Services from the Perspective of Collaboration

基于养老服务资源配置纵向均衡视角,以推动机构、社区与居家养老协同发展为导向,基于《中国民政统计年鉴》数据,采用泰尔指数综合测算中国养老服务整体资源配置均衡性,并实证分析养老服务资源配置失衡对其利用效率的影响。研究表明:总量配置方面,养老服务资源整体上存在较为严重的失衡现象,但近年来的宏观养老服务政策调整逐步缓解了这一情况;结构性配置方面,机构、社区与居家养老之间的资源配置失衡程度差异明显,且社区与居家养老服务资源在数量和质量上的配置均处于不利地位,机构与社区养老服务资源配置失衡程度越高时,养老服务资源利用率越低。建议:以协同发展为导向,通过强化居家养老服务倾斜政策、兼顾养老服务资源投入与产出、推进养老服务市场化改革等措施,逐步提升养老服务资源的配置均衡程度与利用效率。

To promote coordinated development of institutions,communities and home-based eldercare,this study comprehensively measured the equilibrium of the overall allocation of resources for senior care services in China using the Thiel Index and data from the China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook from the perspective of vertical equilibrium of resource allocation,and empirically analyzed the impact of the resource allocation imbalance of senior care service resources on its utilization efficiency.The research shows that there is a severe imbalance in the overall allocation of eldercare service resources,but macro policy adjustments in recent years have gradually alleviated this phenomenon.In terms of structural allocation,the imbalance degree of allocation among institutional,community-based and home-based eldercare is obviously different,and the allocation of community and home-based eldercare service resources is in an unfavorable position in terms of quantity and quality.The higher the imbalance in the allocation of resources between institutional and community-based elderly care services,the lower the utilization rate of elderly care resources.Therefore,it is suggested that the balance degree and utilization efficiency of eldercare resource allocation be improved gradually through strengthening the preferential policy of home-based eldercare services,giving consideration to the input and output of eldercare services,and promoting market-oriented reform of eldercare services by taking synergistic development as the guiding principle.