春秋时期郑都变迁的考古学探索

An Archaeological Exploration of Capital Relocation of Zheng State in the Spring and Autumn Period

新郑郑韩故城遗址已发现的春秋时期高等级遗存的年代均在春秋中晚期,遗址内春秋早期前后的遗存级别低且零星分散,难以与春秋早期强国郑国的都城相匹配。荥阳官庄遗址周代遗存的兴盛期始于两周之际,与郑国东迁的时间相吻合;终于春秋中期偏早,又与郑韩故城春秋高等级遗存的年代相衔接。两周之际郑国从关中东迁后,可能先是以荥阳官庄城为都,在此借助洛邑的王室力量发展壮大。春秋中期随着晋国的崛起和扩张,郑国才被迫将都城南迁至新郑,由此新郑城步入繁荣,而官庄城随即衰落。

The high-grade remains of the Spring and Autumn period found at the ancient capital site of Zheng and Han states in Xinzheng are dated to the mid to late Spring and Autumn period,and the remains around the early Spring and Autumn period at the site are of relatively low grade and scattered,which is difficult to match with the capital of the powerful state of Zheng in the early Spring and Autumn period.The richness of Zhou dynasty remains at the Guanzhuang site in Xingyang began in the period that saw the end of the Western Zhou dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Zhou dynasty,coinciding with the time of the eastward migration of Zheng;it ended in the early middle of the Spring and Autumn period,coinciding with the beginning of the highgrade remains of the Spring and Autumn period at the ancient capital site of Zheng and Han states.After moving eastward from the Guanzhong area during the period that saw the end of the Western Zhou dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Zhou dynasty,Zheng probably first used the city of Guanzhuang in Xingyang as its capital,where expanded the power with the help of the royal family in Luoyang.With the rise and expansion of Jin state in the mid-Spring and Autumn period,Zheng was forced to move its capital south to Xinzheng,which led to the prosperity of Xinzheng and the decline of Guanzhuang.