《学位法》撤销学位与不授予学位的实质逻辑与要件分立

The Substantive Logic and Separation of Requirements for Revoking Degrees and Not Granting Degrees in the Degree Law

《学位法》第三十七条属于较为罕见的双重程序复合要件规定,既规定了不授予学位的法定情形,又规定了撤销学位的法定情形,但基于不授予学位与撤销学位行为性质的差异,双重程序复合要件规定应当通过两种路径加以解释。一方面,应当明确撤销学位与不授予学位的重叠要件,学位论文或实践成果学术不端是两者的学术性重叠要件;非法取得入学资格、非法取得毕业证书和“其他严重违法行为”是两者的重叠非学术性要件。另一方面,更为重要的是必须明确撤销学位与不授予学位的实质分立要件,撤销学位属于特殊的纠错行为,其他成果学术不端、无涉学术性道德要件和授予单位学术审查不当不得作为撤销学位的实质理由,以此与不授予学位相区分。

Article 37 of the Degree Law belongs to a relatively rare dual procedure composite requirement provision,which stipulates both the statutory circumstances for not granting degrees and the statutory circumstances for revoking degrees.However,based on the differences in the nature of granting and revoking degrees,the dual procedure composite requirement provision should be interpreted through two paths.On the one hand,the overlapping elements of revoking degrees and not granting degrees should be clearly defined,and academic misconduct in thesis or practical achievements is an academic overlapping element of the two.Illegal acquisition of admission qualifications,illegal acquisition of graduation certificates,and“other serious illegal acts”are overlapping non academic elements of the two.On the other hand,it is even more important to clarify the substantive separation requirements between revoking degrees and not granting degrees.Revoking degrees is a special corrective action,and other academic misconduct,lack of academic ethical requirements,and improper academic review by the granting unit cannot be used as substantive reasons for revoking degrees,in order to distinguish it from not granting degrees.