泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统稳定性及其影响因素:以金川湿地为例

Stability and influencing factors of peatland ecosystem:A case study of Jinchuan peatland

泥炭沼泽是地球碳汇能力最强的生态系统之一,其稳定性的维持对湿地碳汇能力提升具有重要意义。本研究以吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区典型泥炭沼泽湿地——金川湿地生态系统为对象,通过频度分析法、生态系统结构-功能指标法筛选泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标,基于层次分析法(AHP)建立泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标体系,结合各层指标稳定性评价结果评估金川泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统稳定性状态。结果表明:(1)筛选了反映湿地结构、湿地功能及外部环境时空变化特征的20个指标构建湿地生态系统稳定性评价指标体系。(2)金川泥炭沼泽湿地生态系统稳定性指数为0.84,处于稳定状态,外部环境中气候变化指标、农业生产指标变化导致的湿地水文过程波动是影响金川湿地生态系统稳定性的制约因素。(3)金川泥炭沼泽湿地健康状态指数为63.59,属于亚健康泥炭地。为保持金川湿地稳定性,维持其健康状态,建议对周边旱田实施退耕还湿,或调整农业种植结构,泥炭沼泽变旱田为水田或种植水生经济作物,同时填埋直线排水渠道,改善湿地排水节律。

Peatland is one type of ecosystems with the strongest carbon sequestration capacity on earth,the stability maintenance of which is of great significance to the enhancement of wetland carbon sequestration capacity.We examined the stability of Jinchuan peatland,a typical peatland in Longwan National Nature Reserve,Jilin Province.The evaluation index of ecosystem stability was screened by frequency analysis and ecosystem structure-function index method.Based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP),a peatland ecosystem stability evaluation index system was established,and then was used to assess the stability of the Jinchuan peatland.The results showed that:(1)20 indicators reflecting wetland structure,wetland function,and external environmental spatiotemporal changes were screened to construct an evaluation index system for wetland ecosystem stability.(2)The value of stability index of Jinchuan peatland was 0.84,indicating that the wetland is in a stable state.The fluctuation of wetland hydrological process caused by climate change and agricultural production was the constraint factor affecting stability.(3)The health status index of Jinchuan peatland was 63.59,indicating a sub-healthy status.In order to maintain the stability of Jinchuan peatland and keep healthy,it is suggested to implement land reclamation for returning the surrounding drylands to wetlands,or adjust the agricultural planting structure,transforming drylands into paddy fields or planting aquatic economic crops.Meanwhile,linear drainage ditches should be filled up to improve the drainage rhythm of wetlands.