胶东半岛苹果不同生育阶段水分供需关系

Water Supply and Demand of Apples at Different Growth Stages in Jiaodong Peninsula

基于1978—2018年胶东半岛地区的逐日气象观测资料,研究了胶东半岛红富士苹果树在不同关键生育期的需水量、有效降水量、缺水量及水分盈亏指数变化,并探讨了其在不同关键生育期可能适合的灌溉量和灌溉制度。结果表明:苹果在关键生育期年平均需水总量约为718 mm,有效降水量为503 mm;果实膨大期需水量最大,为280 mm,有效降水量也最多,为241 mm;需水量在除果实膨大期呈减小趋势以外,其他各生育期均呈上升趋势;有效降水量除花芽分化期和果实膨大期呈下降趋势之外,在其他各生育期都呈上升趋势。胶东半岛苹果在各关键生育期均呈现水分亏缺状态,平均亏缺量在6~53 mm,需要依赖灌溉维持果树正常生长,并且在半岛西北部有更高的灌溉需求。

Based on the daily observation data of Jiaodong Peninsula in the past 41 years,the changes of water requirement,effective precipitation,water shortage and water profit and loss index of Red Fuji apple trees in different key growth periods were studied,and the irrigation quantity and irrigation system that might be suitable for the apple trees in different key growth periods were discussed.The results showed that the average annual water requirement was about 718 mm and the effective precipitation was 503 mm;The water requirement of fruit in expanding stage was 280 mm,and the effective precipitation was also the highest(241 mm);The water demand showed an increasing trend in all growth stages except fruit expansion stage.Effective precipitation showed an increasing trend in all growth stages except flower bud differentiation stage and fruit expansion stage.In Jiaodong Peninsula,apple showed water deficit in each key growth period,with an average deficit range of 6~53 mm,which required irrigation to maintain normal growth of fruit trees,and there was a higher irrigation demand in the northwest of the peninsula.