空气阻尼网孔式弹性垫板对车辆-轨道动力学性能的影响分析

Analysis of Influence of Air Damping Mesh Elastic Pad on Vehicle⁃Track Dynamic Performance

空气阻尼网孔式垫板可以通过调整其关键结构参数达到灵活调整其静刚度和阻尼系数的目的。有限元计算表明,空气阻尼网孔式垫板的静刚度会随节流孔尺寸或气室体积比的增大而增大,而阻尼系数则会随之减小。与传统垫板相比,空气阻尼网孔式垫板具有更小的刚度和更大的阻尼。建立车辆-轨道系统动力学模型并通过现场试验验证其准确性。动力学计算表明,随着节流孔尺寸或气室体积比的减小,相应的钢轨、道床和车体垂向振动加速度、轮轨垂向力和脱轨系数均会减小,而钢轨垂向位移会增大。同时,空气阻尼网孔式垫板与传统垫板相比具有更好的减振性能,该垫板可以有效降低列车通过引起的垂向振动加速度、轮轨垂向力和脱轨系数,有利于确保列车安全平稳运行并对轨下结构起一定的保护作用。

The static stiffness and damping coefficient of the air damping mesh pad can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the key structural parameters.Finite element calculations show that the static stiffness of the air damping mesh pad in-creases with the increase of throttle hole size or air chamber volume ratio,while the damping coefficient decreases ac-cordingly.Compared with the traditional pad,the air damping mesh pad has lower stiffness and greater damping.A dy-namic model of vehicle-track system was established with its accuracy being verified by field tests.Dynamic calculations show that the corresponding vertical vibration acceleration of rail,track bed,and car body,as well as vertical wheel-rail force,and derailment coefficient will all decrease with the decrease of throttle hole size or air chamber volume ratio,while the vertical rail displacement will increase.Additionally,the air damping mesh pad,with better vibration reduction performance compared with the groove pad,can effectively reduce the vertical vibration acceleration,wheel and rail ver-tical force,and derailment coefficient caused by train passing,which is conducive to ensuring the safe and stable train operation and plays a certain role in protecting the under-rail structure.