肉苁蓉寄主梭梭和白梭梭主要生物学性状评价

Evaluation on Main Biological Characters of Host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum of Cistanche deserticola

采用田间农艺观察、单因素方差分析、相关性分析和分子鉴定等方法对我国梭梭属2个物种梭梭和白梭梭的主要生物学性状以及肉苁蓉寄生情况进行比较分析。结果表明梭梭和白梭梭在形态特征、农艺性状及花粉结构方面均存在显著差异,其中成熟的梭梭种子果翅长度和千粒重显著低于白梭梭,但发芽率和发芽势显著高于白梭梭;梭梭花粉网眼较深,网脊颗粒结构的数量显著少于白梭梭,且花粉体积小于白梭梭。相关分析表明梭梭和白梭梭农艺指标与气温和相对湿度等气候因子显著相关,其中梭梭对水分及光照等环境因子变化适宜能力较强,分布较广;而白梭梭受水分等因子限制,仅在新疆准噶尔盆地长势较好。核基因内转录间隔区(ITS,internal transcribed spacer)分子鉴定技术可以有效鉴别梭梭和白梭梭,并且证明二者均可被肉苁蓉寄生,但二者寄生的肉苁蓉持续成活率存在差异。根据梭梭和白梭梭生物学性状特征和肉苁蓉寄生情况,适宜推广梭梭作为寄主植物生产肉苁蓉药材。本研究为我国梭梭属植物的分类鉴定、引种栽培以及肉苁蓉优良寄主种质筛选提供科学依据。

Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum,belonging to the family Amaranthaceae,genus Haloxylon Bunge,serve as host plants for Cistanche deserticola.They are widely distributed in the arid zones of China.In this study,biological characteristics and agronomic traits of both species were mainly compared by field observation and molecular identification.The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic characters,agronomic traits and pollen structure.Notably,the fruit wing length and 1000-grain weight in H.ammodendron were significantly lower compared to those of H.persicum,but the germination rate and germination potential were significantly higher compared to those of H.persicum.The pollen volume and surface particle structure of H.ammodendron were significantly smaller than those of H.persicum.Additionally,the pollen net of H.ammodendron exhibited a deep structure,while it was shallow and most of it protruding outwards in H.persicum pollens.The correlational analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the agronomic indexes of both H.ammodendron and H.persicum and climate factors such as temperature and humidity.Water and light are the primary limiting factors for the geographic distribution H.persicum in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang,while environmental adaptations of H.ammodendron were found to be stronger.H.ammodendron and H.persicum can be effectively identified by ITS barcode,and both of them can be parasitized by C.deserticola.However,the survival rate of C.deserticola were different.According to their biological characteristics,cultivating H.ammodendron is with priority in the production of cistanches herba.This study provided a scientific basis for the identification and conservation of Haloxylon,as well as the selection of optimal hosts for C.deserticola.