云浮市象窝山野生茶树种质资源调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Wild Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in Xiangwo Mountain of Yunfu

对30份云浮新兴象窝山野生茶树种质资源开展调查,从主要农艺性状、品质成分及适制性状况进行评价,旨在挖掘象窝山野生茶树种质资源,为当地茶树新品种选育和优化改良提供实践基础。结果表明,象窝山茶树资源17个主要生化指标的变异系数为9.01%~36.94%,其中变异系数最大为可可碱、最小为水浸出物,说明茶树资源的丰富性非常高。理化5项指标中变异系数最大为可溶性糖(20.28%),最小为水浸出物(9.01%)。酚氨比在5.25~6.92之间,变异系数为13.69%。感官审评结果表明,云南大叶和水仙群体春季红茶外形整体乌润、紧结、多毫,香气鲜尚高,滋味浓厚回甘,均分为92.11;部分同样原料制成的夏季绿茶,外形多为黄绿、紧结、白毫较多、匀整,汤色黄绿明亮,香气栗香鲜尚高,滋味浓厚甘爽,均分为88.78。云南大叶群体中CXY14、CXY15、CXY17较其他单株制成的红茶品质更好,新兴小叶中CXX4、云南大叶中CXY12制作绿茶的品质好于其他单株资源,CXY4则是红绿茶兼制的一个综合性茶树资源,以上资源有望发展成新兴地区优良的茶树品种。

This study investigated 30 wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain of Yunfu from the primary agronomic characteristics,quality components,and suitability status.The aim of this study was to explore and utilize the wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain,and lay the groundwork for breeding and improvement of local new tea tree cultivars.Results indicated that the coefficient of variation(CV)of the 17 key biochemical indicators of Xiangwo tea resources ranged from 9.01%to 36.94%,suggesting a high diversity of tea tree resources.The theobromine exhibited the highest CV,while water extract showed the lowest.Among the five physical and chemical indicators,soluble sugar demonstrated the highest CV at 20.28%,whereas water extract had the lowest CV(9.01%).The phenol-to-amino acid ratio varied from 5.25 to 6.92,with a CV of 13.69.Sensory evaluation showed that black teas produced from Yunnan Daye and Shuixian group in spring had dark,tight shapes with abundant trichomes,fresh and relatively high aroma,thick and lingering sweet tastes,with an average score of 92.11.On the other hand,part of green teas produced in summer using the same tea materials had tight,yellow-green appearance with more trichome,bright yellowgreen color of the tea soup,high chestnut aroma,and thick,robust taste with a sweet and fresh note,scoring an average of 88.78.The quality of black teas produced from CXY14,CXY15,and CXY17 in Yunnan large leaf group surpasses that of other individual tea plants.Similarly,the green teas made from CXX4 in Xinxing small leaves and CXY12 in Yunnan large leaves were better than other tea plant resources.Particularly,CXY4 represents a versatile tea tree resource suitable for producing both black and green teas.These tea resources have the potential to evolve into superior tea varieties in the Xinxing region.