广西野生稻种质资源的抢救性调查收集及其抗病性初步鉴定

Rescue Collection and Preliminary Identification of Disease Resistance of Wild Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi

针对广西野生稻濒危状况越来越严重的问题,抢救性收集广西野生稻种质资源,发掘其抗病基因,对广西野生稻资源丰富的地区开展了调查和收集,并对收集的部分资源进行了白叶枯病和稻瘟病抗性鉴定。结果表明,广西野生稻原记载的44个分布点中,仅剩24个尚有野生稻分布,濒危状况十分严重,近10年来野生稻分布点消失比例高达45.5%,水源被破坏和杂草竞争是危害野生稻生存的主要威胁因素;按照野生稻取样原则,共抢救性收集到11个普通野生稻和药用野生稻群体共317份种质资源;利用国际强毒菌株PXO99对177份材料进行白叶枯抗性鉴定,采用离体戳伤叶片鉴定的方法进行不同病菌小种(Guy11、RB22、FJ-3-2、FJ-3-5、FJ-2-3)的稻瘟病抗性鉴定,筛选出白叶枯抗性资源27份,稻瘟病抗性资源105份,兼抗白叶枯和稻瘟病的种质资源5份。针对广西野生稻抗病资源丰富但消失严重的问题,建议加强收集和保护,并加大种质资源鉴定力度。

In view of the increasingly serious problem of the endangered status of wild rice in Guangxi,in order to rescue the germplasm resources of wild rice in Guangxi and explore its disease resistance genes,the areas with abundant wild rice resources in Guangxi were investigated and collected,and the resistance of white leaf blight and rice blast was identified in some of the collected resources.The results showed that only 24 of the 44 distribution points recorded in the wild rice field in Guangxi still had wild rice distribution,and the endangered situation was very serious,and the proportion of wild rice distribution points disappeared as high as 45.5%in the past 10 years,and the destruction of water sources and weed competition were the main threats to the survival of wild rice.According to the principle of wild rice sampling,a total of 317 germplasm resources from 11 groups of Oryza rufipogon Griff.and Oryza officinalis Wall.were rescued;The resistance to bacterial blight was identified by using the international virulent strain PXO99,and the resistance to rice blast of different isolates(Guy11,RB22,FJ-3-2,FJ-3-5,FJ-2-3)was identified by wounding detached rice leaf.The results showed that 27 bacterial blight resistance resources,105 rice blast resistance resources,and 5 resources with both bacterial blight resistance and rice blast resistance were identified from 177 wild rice.In view of the problem that the disease-resistant resources of wild rice in Guangxi are rich but disappear seriously,it is suggested to strengthen the collection and protection,and increase the identification of germplasm resources.