一致百虑,皆务为治——中国传统思想文化对国家治理问题的聚焦

The Traditional Chinese Thoughts in National Governance

国内学术界通常在“中国哲学”的学科框架下研究传统思想,但也存在一些争议。如果不纠缠于“哲学”的定性,而从古人“原始要终”的方法来还原圣贤在思想文化建设中的动机与目的,即可看出自从上古国家形成以来,“家天下”的政权垄断和“学在王官”的思想垄断便催生了专注于国家治理的官方文化,所谓“一致百虑,皆务为治”是也。具体表现为“坟、典言治一也”“六艺于治一也”“六家务治一也”“众史资治一也”“诗文赞治一也”等,一言以蔽之,“经典致治一也”。并在此基础上展开为“文以载道”的文化布局和“道洽政治”的“治世”追求。因此,与其把传统的思想文化定为“哲学”,不如把它视为国家治理文化更符合它的本来面目。

There are some controversies for the traditional Chinese thoughts to be usually studied under the disciplinary framework of“Chinese philosophy”in our domestic academic circles.If we do not consider the nature of“philosophy”and instead restore the motives and purposes of the Sages in ideological and cultural construction from the method of“exploring the origin and outcome of the development of things”,we can see that since the formation of ancient countries,the political monopoly of“Family Rule”and the ideological monopoly of“Learning at Royal Institutions”have spurred the emergence of official culture focused on national governance.That is so-called“all kinds of thoughts are focused on serving governance”,specifically manifested as“Sanfen and Wudian(the oldest classics in China)are discussing governance”,“six classics(The Book of Songs,The Book of History,The Book of Rites,The book of Music,The Book of Changes,The Spring and Autumn)are used for governance”,“six schools(Confucianism,Mohism,Taoism,Legalism,Mingism,and Yin-yang school)are serving governance”,“numerous historical books are used for governance consulting”,“poetry and literature are used for praising governance”.In short,almost all of the ancient thoughts are dedicated to the national governance,and on this basis,present the cultural layout of“writings are for conveying thoughts”and the pursuit of“governance”by“the thoughts lead to good political governance”.Therefore,instead of defining the traditional thoughts as“philosophy”,it is more appropriate to view it as a national governance culture.