我国放生外来入侵物种行为法律规制之现状及完善

Review and Improvement of Legal Regulation for Releasing Invasive Alien Species in China

我国当前立法已开始重视构建放生外来入侵物种行为的规制制度,与防治外来物种入侵构成“对外+对内”的双重规制保障。然而放生外来入侵物种的法律规制路径在制度设计与解释适用中仍存在禁止放生外来物种范围不明确、惩处机制难以覆盖实际危害后果、公法责任规制选择适用标准模糊、行政主体责任缺失等问题。问题症结源于制度设计的立法分散与标准不一,需要通过加快出台分类分级的外来入侵物种名录、扩充法律规制的修复手段、引入风险评估系数、补充行政机关人员的行政责任等途径加以完善。

The current legislation in China has begun to pay attention to the establishment of a regulatory system for the release of invasive alien species,which has constituted a double regulatory guarantee of“external+internal”with the prevention and control of invasive alien species.However,the legal regulation for releasing invasive alien species still faces problems in the design and interpretation of the system,such as unclear scope of prohibition on releasing invasive alien species,difficulty in covering actual harmful consequences with punishment mechanisms,vague selection and application standards between public law responsibilities,and lack of administrative responsibility.The crux of the problem stems from the scattered legislation and inconsistent standards of institutional design,which needs to be improved through accelerating the introduction of a classified and graded list of invasive alien species,expanding the restoration methods of legal regulations,introducing risk assessment coefficients,and supplementing the administrative responsibilities of administrative personnel.