不同施工阶段隧道内粉尘分布研究

Study on Dust Distribution in Tunnel at Different Construction Stages

在隧道施工的过程中,施工工序较为繁琐,施工环境相对闭塞,致使隧道在施工过程中产生的粉尘含量极高,施工工人很难采取有效的防护措施。因此,明确隧道在施工中粉尘的组成特征及分布规律已经成为亟待研究的重要问题。以此为主要研究对象,采用单点测试法沿隧道纵深布置12个测点,探究隧道施工中三个主要施工阶段—掌子面开挖、初期支护以及二次衬砌的粉尘形成和分布规律,其中掌子面开挖、隧道的初期支护均在每开挖3m后进行测试,二次衬砌测试是等隧道施工完毕后进行粉尘浓度测试,进而提出相应的隧道粉尘防治以及工人的防护措施,为了详细分析粉尘浓度,测试了PM2.5、PM10、PM1、PM4、TSP五种隧道施工过程中主要粉尘的颗粒物浓度,发现在掌子面开挖以及初期支护阶段,粉尘浓度随隧道进深增加而增长;而在二次衬砌阶段,粉尘浓度随进深增加先减后增等规律。对斜井隧道施工中粉尘的基本组成成分以及分布规律研究提供相应的借鉴,也对如何解决施工中工人的身体健康问题提供相应的理论参考。

During the tunnel construction process,the construction procedures are cumbersome,and the construction environment is relatively closed,resulting in extremely high dust content produced during the construction of the tunnel,making it difficult for construction workers to take effective protective measures.Therefore,clarifying the composition characteristics and distribution patterns of dust in tunnel construction has become an important issue to be urgently studied.This article takes this as the main research object,arranges 12 measuring points along the tunnel depth,and explores the formation and distribution patterns of dust in three main construction stages of tunnel construction—excavation of the working face,initial support,and secondary lining.It then proposes corresponding measures for tunnel dust control and workers'protection.The study finds that the main dust produced during the tunnel construction process includes PM2.5,PM10,PM1,PM4,and TSP.It is found that during the excavation of the working face and the initial support stage,the dust concentration increases with the increase in tunnel depth;while in the secondary lining stage,the dust concentration first decreases and then increases with the increase in depth.This research provides a reference for the study of the basic composition and distribution patterns of dust in the construction of inclined shaft tunnels and also offers a theoretical reference for solving the physical health problems of workers during construction.