过渡乳营养价值、饲喂方案及对犊牛短长期的影响

Nutritional Value of Transition Milk,Feeding Plan and Shortterm and Long-term Effects on Calves

过渡乳是初乳向常乳转变的中间阶段,营养价值介于初乳与常乳之间,比常乳含有更多干物质、能量和营养物质以及生物活性物质。根据最新研究显示,犊牛饲喂初乳后继续饲喂过渡乳,可降低犊牛疾病发生率,使犊牛健康指标评分更高,获得更好的免疫力;并显著提升犊牛能量利用率,促进生长发育,提高其成年后泌乳性能,进而提升牧场经济效益。但目前过渡乳的饲喂在国内外牧场还没有广泛普及,尤其国内牧场存在过渡乳的浪费或不当处理。本文从过渡乳的营养价值,对犊牛的健康影响以及各国饲喂方案,应用注意事项等方面进行综述,旨在为过渡乳的充分利用提供科学参考。

Transition milk is the intermediate stage of colostrum to normal milk.Its nutritional value lies between colostrum and normal milk,and it contains more dry matter,energy,nutrients and bioactive substances than normal milk.According to the latest research,calves fed colostrum to continue to feed transition milk on the growth and development of calves and future performance have a positive effect.However,at present,the feeding of transition milk has not been widely used in domestic and foreign pastures,especially in domestic pastures,there is a waste or improper treatment of transition milk.In this paper,the nutritional value of transition milk,the effect on calve health,the feeding plan of various countries and the points for attention in application were reviewed.