基于转录组测序发掘大河猪背脂沉积的关键基因

Identification of Key Genes for Backfat Deposition in Dahe Pigs Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

【目的】筛选和识别大河猪背脂沉积相关的关键候选基因。【方法】对高背膘和低背膘各6头大河猪的背部脂肪组织进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因并对其GO功能和KEGG通路富集进行分析,结合蛋白质—蛋白质互作网络构建,对大河猪背脂沉积关键基因进行发掘与鉴定,再随机挑选3个关键基因进行RT-qPCR验证。【结果】共检测到214个差异表达基因,在高背膘组大河猪中有107个基因上调,107个基因下调。这些基因极显著富集于氧酸代谢、有机酸代谢、脂质代谢、羧酸代谢等生物学过程,以及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor,PPAR)信号通路、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路、丙酮酸代谢、三羧酸循环等脂肪沉积调控通路(P<0.01),其中,PCK1、ME1、ACLY、ACACA、FASN和SCD为背脂沉积的关键基因。随机挑选的3个关键基因(PCK1、ACLY和ME1)在高、低背膘组大河猪背部脂肪中的表达差异达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】研究结果初步鉴定了大河猪背脂沉积的关键基因,为深入揭示猪背脂沉积的分子机制及促进瘦肉率等背脂相关性状的遗传改良提供了科学基础和依据。

[Purpose]To screen and identify the key candidate genes associated with backfat deposition of Dahe pigs.[Methods]Based on transcriptome sequencing of the backfat tissues of 12 Dahe pigs,which six with high backfat thickness(HBF)and six with low backfat thickness(LBF),differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened,and their GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed;and the key genes for backfat deposition of Dahe pigs were investigated combined with constructing protein-protein interaction(PPI)network.Three random selected key genes for backfat deposition were identified by RT-qPCR.[Results]A total of 214 DEGs were identified,which 107 genes were up-regulated and 107 genes were down-regulated in HBF pigs.These DEGs were significantly enriched in GO terms such as oxoacid metabolic process,organic acid metabolic process,lipid metabolic process,carboxylic acid metabolic process,and pathways related to the regulation of fat deposition such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathway,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,pyruvate metabolism,and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway(P<0.01).Among these genes,six genes were identified as the key genes associated with backfat deposition,including PCK1,ME1,ACLY,ACACA,FASN and SCD.The expression levels of the random selected key genes,PCK1,ACLY and ME1 had significantly or extremely significantly differences in backfat tissues between HBF and LBF pigs(P<0.05 or P<0.01).[Conclusion]The results preliminarily identify the key genes of backfat deposition in Dahe pigs,which provide a scientific foundation and basis for further revealing the molecular mechanism of pig backfat deposition in depth,and accelerating the genetic improvement of backfat related traits such as lean meat percentage.