川东地区17种黄花菜的植物性状及营养品质

Plant Traits and Nutritional Quality of Seventeen Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Varieties in Eastern Sichuan

【目的】筛选优质黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni)材料,为川东地区黄花菜的引种和选育提供参考。【方法】引进17份国内常见黄花菜材料进行田间栽培试验,比较其主要形态特征、植物学性状和花蕾营养品质。【结果】根据花期,将17份黄花菜材料分为早熟、中熟和晚熟3类。猛子花、长嘴花和白花的株高最高,长嘴花和白花的叶长最长,冲里花、川黄花1号、早四月和沙苑金针的叶宽最宽,长嘴花、冲里花和猛子花的花梗长最长,大乌嘴、冲里花和忻州金针的花蕾长最长。早四月的可溶性蛋白质含量最高(1.14 mg/g),三月花的可溶性糖含量最高(80.11 mg/g),台东六号的总花青素含量最高(95.70μg/g),沙苑金针和渠县花的维生素C含量最高,三月花和金针早的总黄酮和总酚含量最高,台东六号的秋水仙碱含量最高(0.77μg/g),而白花的秋水仙碱含量最低(0.55μg/g)。【结论】川东地区早熟黄花菜的可溶性糖、总黄酮和总酚含量最高,适合鲜食、干制和速冻生产;中熟黄花菜花蕾长和单蕾质量最高,可产生较高产量,适合大面积推广栽培;晚熟黄花菜的长势最旺、氨基酸含量最高,适合作为优质黄花菜新品种选育的亲本。

[Purpose]To screen high-quality Hemerocallis citrina Baroni varieties,providing references for the introduction and breeding of H.citrina in Eastern Sichuan.[Methods]A total of 17 domestic common varieties were introduced for field cultivation,and the main morphological characters,botanical traits,and nutritional quality of flower buds were compared and analyzed.[Results]According to the flowering period,17 H.citrina varieties were divided into three categories:early-maturing,medium-maturing,and late-maturing.The height of Mengzihua,Changzuihua,and Baihua were the highest;the leaf length of Changzuihua and Baihua were the longest;the leaf width of Chonglihua,Chuanhuanghua No.1,Zaosiyue,and Shayuanjinzhen were the widest;the pedicel length of Changzuihua,Chonglihua,and Mengzihua were the longest;the bud length of Dawuzui,Chonglihua,and Xinzhoujinzhen were the longest.The soluble protein content of Zaosiyue was the highest(1.14 mg/g);the soluble sugar content of Sanyuehua was the highest(80.11 mg/g);the total anthocyanin content of Taidong No.6 was the highest(95.70μg/g);the vitamin C contents of Shayuanjinzhen and Quxianhua were the highest;the total flavonoids and total phenols contents of Sanyuehua and Jinzhenzao were the highest;and the colchicine content of Taidong No.6 was the highest(0.77μg/g),while the colchicine content of Baihua was the lowest(0.55μg/g).[Conclusion]The contents of soluble sugar,total flavonoids,and total phenols in early-maturing H.citrina varieties in Eastern Sichuan are the highest,which are suitable for fresh,dried,and frozen production;medium-mature H.citrina varieties have the highest bud length and single bud weight,which can produce higher yields and are suitable for large-scale promotion and cultivation;late-maturing H.citrina varieties have the most vigorous growth and highest amino acid content,which are suitable parent for breeding high-quality new H.citrina varieties.