高熵合金的成分不均匀性及其特点

The composition heterogeneity and characteristics of high entropy alloys

高熵合金由于其优异的力学性能而获得了极大的关注。然而理想固溶体模型往往无法完全准确描述和解析其性能的来源。由于高熵合金中合金元素种类多,数量大,导致其晶格的结构特征可能出现与传统合金不同。近年来,大量实验和理论研究结果均证明了高熵合金中普遍存在元素分布非均匀性,可能是高熵合金的宏观力学性能有异于传统合金的重要原因。因此,本文从高熵合金中的成分涨落、短程有序和纳米析出相三个角度出发讨论,分析了元素分布不均匀性对其变形机制以及力学性能的影响,并对未来高强度、高塑性高熵合金的发展进行了展望。

High entropy alloys(HEAs)have garnered immense attention due to their superior mechanical properties.However,the ideal solid⁃solution model often fails to adequately describe and resolve the sources of these properties.The multitude of alloying elements and their quantities in HEAs leads to structural features in the lattice that may differ from those of traditional alloys.Extensive experimental and theoretical research in recent years has confirmed the widespread presence of heterogeneity in chemical distributions in HEAs,which might be a significant reason for their mechanical properties diverging from those of conventional alloys.Hence,this article discussed high entropy alloys from the perspectives of chemical fluctuations,short⁃range order,and nanoprecipitate phases.It analyzed how the non⁃uniform distribution of elements affected their deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties.Additionally,it offers a prospect for developing HEAs with enhanced strength and ductility in the future.