艺术作品究竟是什么?——阿多诺的艺术作品理论及其启示

What Is Exactly an Work of Art:Adorno's Theory of Artistic Works and Its Implications

在阿多诺看来,艺术作品不能被理解为现成存在着的东西,它是动态的过程。这个动态的过程表现在艺术作品中的精神要素和客观外壳之间的斗争之中。作为一种精神产品,艺术作品是人为的,但是这个人为的东西也包含了超出人为的东西的范围。虽然艺术作品是动态的过程,但是它可以被理解为停顿下来的过程。从这个角度来说,艺术作品类似于单子,具有某种独一无二的特点,但是艺术作品也不能简单地被理解为单子,它从感性世界借来了束缚自身的东西。艺术作品与康德所说的崇高相似,也要达到自然和精神的和解,即一种不可和解的东西之间的和解,但是这种和解也包含了游戏的要素。

In Adorno's view,a work of art cannot be understood as something that exists already;rather it is a dynamic process which is expressed in the struggle between the spiritual elements and the objective shell of the work of art.As a spiritual product,the work of art is artificial,but this artificial thing also contains the scope of something beyond artificiality.Although a work of art is a dynamic process,it can be understood as a process that stops.In this sense,the work of art resembles a monad and has a certain unique character,but the work of art cannot simply be understood as a monad;it borrows from the empirical world what binds it.Works of art,similar to the sublime mentioned by Kant,also have to achieve a reconciliation between nature and spirit,that is,a reconciliation between the irreconcilable things,but this reconciliation also contains the elements of game.