入侵软体动物感染广州管圆线虫的特性及检测研究进展

Susceptibility characteristics of invasive molluscs to angiostrongylus cantonensis and its detection

广州管圆线虫有复杂的生活史及繁多的宿主,具较强的感染性和致病性,存在严重健康威胁。外来软体动物的入侵已成为广州管圆线虫扩散的重要途径。对入侵软体动物感染广州管圆线虫的研究日渐增多,宿主体内线虫的检测技术也在逐步完善。然而,国内外学者对广州管圆线虫感染入侵软体动物的文献研究仍较分散,在入侵软体动物的易感特性和检测技术方面仍缺乏系统探讨。因此,文章综述了近20年来广州管圆线虫感染全球入侵软体动物的研究,系统分析了广州管圆线虫感染入侵软体动物的种类、易感性、地理分布、基因特征、寄主响应和检测方法等方面的研究进展。目前报道的易感广州管圆线虫的全球入侵软体动物至少涉及15种。福寿螺、褐云玛瑙螺、中国圆田螺、河蚬可被L1—L3幼虫寄生,感染后氮代谢和氧化代谢增强。入侵软体动物对广州管圆线虫的易感性与宿主种类、发育期、孳生环境、感染剂量及感染时长有关。广州管圆线虫检测包括形态学和分子生物学方法,后者灵敏度和准确度更高。广州管圆线虫可“搭乘”入侵软体动物在全球扩散。同步阐明入侵软体动物的扩散规律和广州管圆线虫的寄生习性,可为广州管圆线虫的发生、防控及管理提供有益参考。

Angiostrongylus cantonensis(A.cantonensis)has a complex life history and a variety of hosts,and is highly infectious and pathogenic,which poses a serious health threat.The invasion of exotic molluscs has become an important way for A.cantonensis to spread.More and more studies have been conducted on the infection of A.cantonensis by invasive mollusks,and the detection technology of A.cantonensis in the host has been improved gradually.However,the literatures on the infection of A.cantonensis with invasive mollusks are still scattered,there is still a lack of systematic analysis on the susceptibility characteristics and detection techniques of invasive mollusks infected with A.cantonensis.Therefore,the research on invasive mollusks infected by A.cantonensis in the last 20 years was reviewed,and the research progress on infection types,susceptibility,physiological response,genetic profile,host response and detection methods of A.cantonensis infection in invasive mollusks was systematically analyzed.At least 15 species of globally invasive mollusks that are susceptible to A.cantonensis have been reported so far.The larvae(L1-L3)could be parasitized by Pomacea canaliculata,Pomacea maculata/insularum,Achatina fulica,Cipangopaludina chinensis,and Corbicula fluminea.Nitrogen metabolism and oxidative metabolism of infected mollusks were enhanced after infection.The susceptibility of invasive mollusks to A.cantonensis was related to host species,developmental period,breeding environment,infection dose and infection duration.The morphological and molecular methods was often used to detect A.cantonensis.The accuracy of molecular detection method is higher than that of the morphological method.Angiostrongylus cantonensis can spread globally by hitchhiking on invasive mollusks.Simultaneously elucidated the dispersal mechanism of invasive mollusks and the parasitic behaviors of A.cantonensis can provide a useful reference for the prevention,control and management of A.cantonensis.