结直肠癌早期粪便筛查标志物的研究进展

Research advances in early diagnosis and screening of colorectal cancer based on fecal testing

近年来,结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的诊断与筛查研究取得了显著进展,特别是在粪便核酸检测领域尤为活跃。粪便筛查技术除大便隐血试验外,粪便核酸检测、多靶点DNA检测和蛋白质生物标志物检测等是目前研究的热点。多种粪便核酸及生物标志物的检测在CRC早期诊断和筛查中已被证实具有潜在价值。粪便核酸及生物标志物检测能够精准检测到早期癌症及癌前病变,提高早期发现率,从而降低CRC发病率和死亡率。本文就粪便核酸检测在CRC筛查中的研究进展进行综述,旨在探讨生物标志物的应用前景及检测技术的优化,为更精准高效的筛查技术提供依据。

In recent years,significant progress has been made in screening for and diagnosis of colorectal cancer(CRC),particularly using fecal nucleic acid detection.In addition to fecal occult blood tests,fecal screening technologies including fecal nucleic acid testing,multi-target DNA testing,and protein biomarker detection,have become research hotspots.Numerous studies at home and abroad have identified various fecal nucleic acids and biomarkers with potential value for screening and early diagnosis of CRC.Fecal nucleic acid and biomarker testing can accurately detect early stage cancer and precancerous lesions,thereby improving early detection rates and reducing CRC incidence and mortality.This article reviews research progress into fecal nucleic acid testing in CRC screening,discusses the application prospects of biomarkers and optimization of detection techniques,and provides a basis for the development of more accurate and efficient screening methods.