韶关桂头土话与粤客方言词汇比较研究

Vocabulary Comparison Between Dialect of Shaoguan Guitou and Yueke

由于历史和地理的原因,韶关地区的汉语方言比较复杂,广泛使用的是客家话、粤方言和粤北土话。该文以梅县话、广州话、韶关桂头土话为例,用计量统计的方法,对三种方言的词汇形式、词汇特点及词汇差异形成的原因进行分析。数据统计表明:词汇形式方面,韶关桂头土话词汇与粤客方言词汇的差异性高于一致性,与粤方言的相关性较大,与客家话的相关性较小;词汇特点方面,三种方言在构词方式、造词理据、词义内容方面都各具特点;造成词汇差异的原因,既有语言的地理因素,又有语言接触方面的影响,同时也是人们的认知观念相互作用的结果。

Due to historical and geographical reasons,the Chinese dialects in the Shaoguan area are complex,and Hakka,Cantonese and northern Cantonese dialects are widely used.This paper takes Meixian dialect,Guangzhou dialect and Shaoguan Guitou dialect as examples,and analyzes the lexical forms,lexical features and the reasons for the formation of lexical differences of the three dialects by using the method of econometric statistics.The statistics show that:in terms of lexical forms,the difference between the lexicon of Shaoguan Guitou dialect and the lexicon of Yueke dialect is higher than the consistency,and the correlation is larger than that with Cantonese and smaller than that with Hakka dialect;in terms of lexical features,the three dialects have their own characteristics in the way of word formation,rationale of word formation,and lexical meaning;the reasons of lexical differences are not only the geographic factors of the languages,but also the effects of the language contact,and also the interaction of people's cognitive concepts.The reasons for the lexical differences are not only the geographical factors of the languages,but also the influence of language contact and the interaction of people's cognitive concepts.