船山对横渠正学及其精神的继承和发展

On Chuanshan’s Inheritance and Development of Hengqu’s Orthodox Learning and Its Spirit

“希张横渠之正学”是船山的学术追求,也是船山对自己学术的一个定位。张载之学何以为正学,在船山看来可以归纳为四个层面:本体论上,以“太虚即气”阐明宇宙生灭现象,辟佛老之邪说,正本清源;人性论上,明性之所由,明善恶之分,剖析人性结构,为为善去恶工夫奠定基础;认识论上,明本末一贯、天人相继之理,倡明成圣之可能;工夫论上,倡“养蒙正心”之功,指明成圣之路径。因此,船山以推崇张载之正学来为自己的正学思想正名。船山在推崇张载学说的同时,也在吸收张载的思想,并融入了自己独特的理解,进行创造性转化、发展,在这个过程中形成了自己的正学体系,彰显出了“守正开新”的正学精神。船山正学精神的内涵体现为四个方面:“发明正学”的原道精神、“守正辟邪”的卫道精神、“明虚返实”的实学精神和“灌注通义”的公义精神。这四个方面的精神涵括了“守正”与“开新”,它们共同构成了船山正学精神的内涵。

“Advocating Zhang Hengqu’s Orthodox Learning”is Chuanshan’s academic pursuit,and it is also a position of Chuanshan’s own academy.How can Zhang Zai’s studies be considered as orthodox?In Chuanshan’s view,it can be summarized into four levels.Ontologically,the phenomenon of the birth and death of the universe is explained by“Taixu is Qi”,aiming at the original elimination of the source.On the theory of human nature,the reason of human nature and the difference between good and evil are clarified,and the structure of human nature is analyzed to lay the foundation for good and evil.In the epistemology,the principle of the end of the consis⁃tent,heaven and man successively,advocating the possibility of sanctity.In terms of work,“cultivate the integrity of holy work”and“make it holy by rewarding great heart”,indicating the path to sanctification.Therefore,Chuanshan praised Zhang Zai’s orthodox learning is to justify his own orthodox thought.At the same time,Chuanshan absorbed Zhang Zai’s thought,integrated his own unique understanding,carried out creative transformation and development and formed his own system of orthodox learning,which demonstrat⁃ing the spirit of“keeping right and opening new”.The connotation of Chuanshan’s spirit of orthodox learning is embodied in four as⁃pects,namely,the original Tao spirit of“inventing true learning”,the righteous spirit of“keeping right and warding off evil”,the practi⁃cal learning spirit of“clear deficiency and return to reality”and the righteous spirit of“pouring through righteousness”.The spirit of these four aspects includes the two levels of“keeping right”and“opening new”,which completely constitute the whole connotation of Chuanshan’s spirit of orthodox learning.