文学批评的借鉴与延续:杰弗里·哈特曼的大屠杀研究

The Adoption and Continuity of Literary Criticism:Geoffrey Hartman’s Holocaust Studies

犹太裔美国批评家和理论家杰弗里·哈特曼的学术生涯长达60多年,经历了两次重要转向:从浪漫主义文学批评转向解构主义文学理论研究,再从解构主义文学理论研究转向犹太文化与大屠杀研究。哈特曼晚期的大屠杀研究表面上是其文学研究向“非学术研究”的转型,但实质上则是对其文学研究的借鉴与延续。在研究内容上,他借鉴了“创伤”等重要主题;在批评方法上,他沿用了具有强烈审美性的伦理学批评;在论述风格上,他延续了具有高度修辞性的散文风格。哈特曼的大屠杀研究展现了他始终如一的深厚的人文关怀。

Geoffrey Hartman,a Jewish American critic and theorist,had an academic career spanning over 60 years and underwent two significant turns:from Romantic literary criticism to deconstructionist theory,and then to Jewish studies and Holocaust studies.Hart⁃man’s late Holocaust studies appears to be a transition from literary research to“non academic research”,but in essence,it is a refer⁃ence and continuation of his literary research.In terms of research content,he drew on important themes such as“trauma”;in terms of critical method,he continued to employ ethical criticism with a strong aesthetic appeal;and in terms of discourse style,he maintained a highly rhetorical prose style.Hartman’s research of the Holocaust reflects his consistent and profound humanistic concern.