基于灾后重建的乡镇防灾减灾规划探索——以北京市房山区河北镇为例

Reevaluation and Optimization of Township Spatial Planning for Post-disaster Reconstruction:A Case Study of Hebei Town,Fangshan District,Beijing

防灾减灾是国土空间规划体系的重要组成部分。本文分4个阶段回顾了我国乡镇防灾减灾规划编制历程,认为现阶段国土空间规划体系下乡镇防灾减灾规划的编制模式和技术标准尚不明确,新时期下乡镇防灾减灾工作仍面临巨大挑战。进一步以北京市房山区河北镇灾后重建工作为案例,针对区域灾害评估存在数据缺失、防灾目标失衡的问题,灾后优化重建中安置需求、市政设施选址与强制性要素的冲突,以及整体统筹、组织实施面临的困境,坚持问题导向,以保障受灾群众近期生活生产、支撑国土空间规划完善和提升区域安全韧性为目标,在灾害评估、规划完善和实施保障等方面提出策略和建议,为乡镇防灾减灾规划的编制模式和技术标准提供借鉴和参考。

Disaster prevention and reduction constitutes a vital component of the territorial planning system.This paper reviews the history of disaster prevention and mitigation planning in rural areas of China in four stages,contending that the preparation mode and technical standards for disaster prevention and reduction planning in townships under the current territorial spatial planning system remain unclear,and townships still face significant challenges in disaster prevention and reduction work in the new era.Taking the post-disaster reconstruction work of Hebei Town in Fangshan District of Beijing as a case study,this paper analyzes issues such as missing data and imbalanced disaster prevention objectives in regional disaster assessments,conflicts between resettlement needs,the location of municipal facilities,and mandatory elements in post-disaster optimal reconstruction,as well as difficulties faced in overall planning and implementation.With the objective of ensuring the livelihoods and production activities of disaster-affected individuals in the near future,supporting the improvement of territorial spatial planning,and enhancing regional security resilience,strategies and suggestions are proposed in aspects such as disaster assessment,planning improvement,and implementation guarantees.This paper serves as a reference for the compilation mode and technical standards of disaster prevention and reduction planning in townships and villages.