新入职护士过渡期不同阶段职场适应的真实体验

The real experience of workplace adjustment at different stages of the transition period for new nurses

目的探索新入职护士在过渡期不同阶段职场适应的工作体验,了解其在护理岗位适应过程中面临的各种压力、情感体验及行为形成,进一步探索并优化新入职护士培训方案的相关内容。方法本研究采用现象学研究方法,于2023年3-6月在西安交通大学第一附属医院对20名新入职护士进行半结构式深入访谈,并使用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈内容进行整理分析。结果提炼得出4个主题和9个亚主题,分别为职业认知(入职1个月)(工作环境不熟悉、角色转化困难、职业认同困扰)、学习适应(2~3个月)(岗位能力不足、自我否定、)、融入环境(4~6个月)(缺乏专科知识、缺乏组织归属感、)、职业胜任(7~12个月)(预警和应对突发事件能力不足、岗位不确定性所致的焦虑)。结论新入职护士过渡期的规范化培训对其职业适应及职业发展至关重要,护理管理者可通过了解新护士过渡期不同阶段职场适应的工作体验,优化培训方案,增加新护士职业认同、心理健康的相关培训,帮助新护士尽早适应临床工作。

Objective To explore the work experience of new nurses in different stages of workplace adaptation during the transition period,and understand the pressure,emotional experience,and behavior formation they face in the process of job adaptation,so as to explore and optimize the relevant contents of the training program for new nurses.Methods A total of 20 newly recruited nurses in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from March to June 2023 were conducted the semi-structured in-depth interviews by phenomenological research method,and the interview content was sorted out and analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results There were extracted 4 themes and 9 sub-themes,which were occupational cognition(1 month after entry;unfamiliar working environment,difficulty in role transformation,and occupation identity disturbance),learning adaptation(2-3 months;lack of job ability,self-denial),integration into the environment(4-6 months;lack of specialized knowledge,lack of organizational belonging),and occupational competence(7-12 months;lack of early warning and response to emergencies,anxiety caused by job uncertainty).Conclusions Standardized training during the transition period of new nurses is crucial to their career adaptation and career development,and nursing managers can optimize training programs by understanding the work experience of new nurses in different stages of career adaptation during the transition period,and increase training related to professional identity and mental health of new nurses,so as to help new nurses adapt to clinical work as soon as possible.