纯电动汽车驱动电机匹配及传动比优化研究

Research of Driving Motor Matching and Transmission Ratio Optimization for Electric Vehicle

驱动电机是电动汽车的关键部件之一,它的参数直接决定电动汽车的运行性能.本文根据某款纯电动汽车的整车参数与技术要求,进行电动汽车整车参数匹配和优化设计,分别确定了驱动电机额定功率、峰值功率、额定转速和最高工作转速等参数,分析电动汽车驱动电机参数及现有电机型号,电机选择为永磁同步电机.基于MATLAB创立一个更贴近实际车辆运行状态数值动力系统仿真模型,如驾驶员、循环工况、驱动电机、变速器和整车行驶等模型,并调用在MATLAB/Simulink中构建的模型,通过应用多目标遗传算法NSGA-II,对变速器的传动比进行了针对整车动力性和燃油经济性的双重目标优化分析.优化后变速器的一挡传动比为3.09,二挡传动比为1.83,相比于优化前,优化后传动比缩短了纯电动汽车的百公里加速时间,降低了能量消耗,提高了汽车的动力性和经济性.

The driving motor is one of the key components of electric vehicles,and its parameters directly determine the operational performance of electric vehicles.Based on the vehicle parameters and technical requirements of a certain pure electric vehicle,this paper conducts a matching and optimization design of the vehicle parameters.The rated power,peak power,rated speed,and maximum operating speed of the driving motor are determined respectively.Through the calculation and analysis of the driving motor parameters of the electric vehicle,as well as the existing product specifications,the matching motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor.Based on MATLAB,a forward numerical simulation model of the power transmission system,which is closer to the actual operation of the vehicle,such as cycle conditions,driver,driving motor,transmission,and vehicle driving models,was established.The model established in MATLAB/Simulink was called,and the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ was used to perform a dual-objective optimization calculation of the vehicle's power and economy for the transmission ratio.The optimized transmission ratio of the first gear was 3.09,and of the second gear was 1.83.Compared to the situation before optimization,the optimized transmission ratio shortened the acceleration time of 100 kilometers,reduced energy consumption,and improved the power and economy of the vehicle.