中国老年人居住意愿的变动及其满足程度——基于CLHLS 2008—2018年数据的实证分析

Changes in Living Willingness of the Elderly in China and Their Satisfaction Degree——An Empirical Analysis Based on CLHLS 2008—2018 Data

文章利用2008—2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,探究老年人居住意愿的变动趋势和满足程度。研究发现,与子女共居虽然是老年人最偏好的居住方式,但老年人的独居意愿也日益强烈。老年人与子女共居的意愿实则被“超额”满足,而独居意愿的被满足程度一直较低,住非所愿的老年人比例在上升。个体特征、家庭特征、社会经济特征是影响老年人居住意愿的显著因素。其中,身体状况和认知水平发挥着基础性作用,家庭成员的构成则影响着老年人的选择范围,经济因素的作用方式分为两条路径。跨时期对比来看,老年人居住意愿影响因素的相对重要性排序比较稳健。

This article uses the 2008-2018 tracking survey data of factors affecting the health of the elderly in China to explore the changing trends and satisfaction levels of living willingness of the elderly.Research has found that living with children has always been the most preferred way of living for the elderly,and the desire of the elderly to live alone is also increasingly strong.However,the willingness of the elderly to live with their children has been met in reality beyond their expectations,whereas the degree of satisfaction of the desire to live alone has always been low,and the proportion of the elderly living undesirably is increasing.Individual characteristics,family characteristics,and socioeconomic characteristics are significant factors that affect living willingness of the elderly.Among them,physical condition and cognitive level play a basic role,and the composition of family members affects the range of choices of the elderly,and the influence of economic factors is divided into two path.From a cross-period comparison,the ranking of relative importance of factors affecting living willingness of the elderly is stable.