双重环境规制对区域生态效率的影响研究——来自省级面板数据的证据

Study on the Influence of Dual Environmental Regulation on Regional Ecological Efficiency-Evidence from Provincial Panel Data

环境规制是提高区域生态效率的关键因素,文章运用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型对我国2013—2022年30个省份(不含西藏和港澳台地区)的生态效率水平进行测算,实证检验双重环境规制对区域生态效率的影响,并比较正式环境规制和非正式环境规制促进效应的差异性。研究发现:相较于正式环境规制,非正式环境规制对区域生态效率的促进作用更显著,且经过多种稳健性检验后这一结论仍然成立。异质性分析结果表明,环境规制对生态效率的促进作用存在地区差异,相比中西部地区,正式和非正式环境规制对东部地区生态效率的提高有更显著的促进作用。门槛效应结果表明,正式和非正式环境规制对区域生态效率的促进效应存在以数字经济发展水平为门槛变量的门槛效应。中介效应分析结果发现,产业结构升级在双重环境规制和区域生态效率之间发挥不同程度的中介作用。上述研究结果为更好地落实环境政策和促进区域生态效率的提高提供经验借鉴。

Environmental regulation is a key factor to improve regional ecological efficiency.This paper uses the super-efficiency SBM model of non-expected output to measure the ecological efficiency level of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022,empirically tests the impact of dual environmental regulation on regional ecological efficiency,and compares the difference of promoting effects of formal environmental regulation and informal environmental regulation.It is found that,compared with formal environmental regulation,informal environmental regulation has a more significant effect on regional ecological efficiency,and this conclusion is still valid after various robustness tests.The results of heterogeneity analysis shows that there are regional differences in the promotion effect of environmental regulations on ecological efficiency.Compared with the central and western regions,formal and informal environmental regulations has a more significant promotion effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency in the eastern region.The results of threshold effect show that formal and informal environmental regulations have a single threshold effect with the development level of digital economy as the threshold variable.The results of mediation effect analysis show that industrial structure upgrading plays a mediating role between dual environmental regulation and regional ecological efficiency.The above research results provide experience for better implementation of environmental policies and promoting the improvement of regional ecological efficiency.