民法典视域下网络虚拟财产的法律保护

Legal Protection of Network Virtual Property from the Perspective of Civil Code

网络虚拟财产不仅具有一般财产的价值属性和可转让性,而且具有虚拟性及对互联网的依赖性。鉴于网络虚拟财产是随着互联网经济发展而形成的一种非物化的财产形式,应确定其法律属性为新型财产。从现行民事法律对网络虚拟财产的保护来看,由于相关法律依据尚不明确,导致出现继承相关规定不完善、价值评估体系未建立,以及举证责任分配不明的问题,应针对上述问题完善法律规定,以保证数字经济环境的健康运行。

With the rapid popularization of digital technology and new infrastructure,the digital economy has developed rapidly and shown strong development potential,and network virtual property has emerged.It not only has the value attribute and transferability of general property,but also has virtualization and dependence on the Internet.The theory of labor value,the theory of real social relations,and the theory of security obligations have also laid a theoretical foundation for the legal protection of virtual property.However,in view of the fact that network virtual property is a non materialized form of property formed with the development of the Internet economy,its legal attributes are also controversial,mainly including property rights theory,creditor's rights theory,intellectual property rights theory and new property rights theory,which lead to the judicial practice of the treatment of cases in an unstable state,so it is necessary to position the legal attributes of network virtual property.At the same time,from the perspective of the current civil law on the protection of online virtual property,due to the unclear legal basis,there are problems such as incomplete inheritance regulations,unclear value evaluation mechanisms,and unclear allocation of burden of proof,which is not conducive to the resolution of disputes over online virtual property,and to some extent affects the healthy operation of China's digital economy environment,hindering the orderly development of the digital economy.Therefore,in response to the problems existing in the legal protection practice of online virtual property,effective protection of online virtual property should be started from four aspects:improving the inheritance rules of online virtual property,constructing a value evaluation system for online virtual property,and improving the allocation of burden of proof for online virtual property.