水足迹视角下的湖南省水资源利用评价

Evaluation of water resources utilization in Hunan Province from the perspective of virtual water

水资源评价是水资源开发利用中的核心问题之一。为评估湖南省水资源开发利用情况,本文从水足迹理论出发,根据湖南省水资源统计数据及经济社会发展统计数据计算水足迹评价指标,再选用Tapio脱钩模型衡量湖南省水足迹发展和经济社会发展的匹配情况。结果表明:①湖南省水足迹主要以农业用水和工业用水为主,其中农产品所含的虚拟水占各年水足迹的80%以上。②湖南省水足迹对外依赖性较低,属于水资源净出口地区,水资源利用效率在近年来有较大幅度的增长;该省在正常来水年份能保证生产生活用水,但在极端干旱条件下存在不能保证用水的可能性。③湖南省水资源和经济社会发展近年来已处于强脱钩状态。本研究丰富了水足迹理论在结构性缺水省份的运用经验,可为湖南省水资源高效利用、经济社会可持续发展提供科学参考。

Water resources evaluation is one of the core issues in water resources development and utilization.To evaluate the water resources development and utilization in Hunan Province,this paper starts from water footprint theory,calculates water footprint evaluation indexes based on water resources statistics and economic and social development statistics of Hunan Province,and then chooses Tapio decoupling model to measure the matching of water footprint development and economic and social development in Hunan Province.The results show that:①The water footprint of Hunan Province is mainly based on agricultural water and industrial water,among which the virtual water contains in agricultural products accounts for more than 80%of the water footprint in each year.②The water footprint of Hunan Province is of low external dependence and is a net water exporting region,with the water utilization efficiency increasing substantially in recent years.The province can guarantee water for production and living in normal water years,but there is a possibility that water cannot be guaranteed under extreme drought conditions.③Water resources and economic and social development in Hunan Province had been in a state of strong decoupling in recent years.This study enriches the experience of applying water footprint theory in structural water-scarce provinces,and it can provide a scientific reference for the efficient use of water resources and sustainable economic and social development in Hunan Province.