禽源弯曲菌流行现状及其公共卫生风险评估研究进展

Epidemiological Status of Avian Campylobacter and Advances on Its Public Health Risk Assessment

随着养禽业发展,禽源弯曲菌对食品安全和人类健康构成了严重威胁。对肉鸡供应链中禽源弯曲菌流行情况及其风险评估研究现状综述发现:不同地区、不同环节的弯曲菌污染情况差异较大,其中养殖环节的检出率高于屠宰和零售环节;国内外不同环节的禽源弯曲菌流行率相差较大,其中国内养殖环节检出率较高,而国外零售环节检出率较高;结肠弯曲菌检出率逐步超过空肠弯曲菌,成为优势菌株。产品生产加工、运输和处理过程中造成的交叉污染和二次污染是导致禽源弯曲菌流行风险增加的关键因素。目前,国内对于弯曲菌风险评估的研究仍停留在单一环节,而对肉鸡全链条风险评估研究较少,需完善相关数据,开展基于“同一健康”的“动物-环境-人”共同健康风险评估。本文对禽源弯曲菌在家禽生产供应链中的污染情况、影响因素以及风险评估研究进行梳理总结,找出了我国禽源弯曲菌污染的关键控制点以及风险评估中的不足,以期为更有效实现“同一健康”提供参考。

With the development of poultry industry,avian Campylobacter has been posing a serious threat to food safety and human health.It was found that,by summarizing epidemiological status of avian Campylobacter in broiler supply chain and the advances on its risk assessment,Campylobacter contamination varied greatly in different regions and stages,and the detection rate was higher at farming stage compared to the stages of slaughter and retail;the prevalence of avian Campylobacter was also quite different at different stages both in China and other countries,and the detection rate was higher at farming stage in China,while that was higher at retail stage in other countries;Campylobacter coli was becoming dominant with the detection rate increasingly higher than that of Campylobacter jejuni.The increasing prevalence risk of avian Campylobacter was caused by cross or secondary contamination during production,processing,transportation and handling of chicken products.But current researches on Campylobacter risk assessment mainly focused on a single stage in China,and was fewer on the whole chain of broiler supply,requiring to improve relevant data,and to conduct a common health risk assessment of“animals-environment-human”based on“One Health”concept.The contamination,influencing factors and researches on risk assessment of avian Campylobacter in poultry production supply chain were summarized,and key control points of avian Campylobacter contamination and shortcomings in risk assessment were identified,aiming to contribute to realizing“One Health”.