我国成年男子膳食矿物元素摄入状况及评价分析——基于第五次中国总膳食研究

Analysis and evaluation of dietary mineral element intake among adult men in China--Based on the Fifth China Total Diet Study

目的了解我国成年男子膳食矿物元素摄入状况,对我国居民膳食结构及特点进行评价分析,为我国居民健康水平协同发展提供可靠依据。方法根据《第五次中国总膳食研究》公开发布的我国20个省(自治区、直辖市)成年男子每人每日12类膳食矿物元素摄入量平均值数据,采用熵权法和TOPSIS综合评价法对其进行评价分析。结果膳食钙和膳食锌摄入量明显偏低,各地区的摄入量均低于推荐值水平,膳食钾、膳食镁和膳食钼的平均摄入量基本满足推荐值水平或适宜摄入值水平,其余矿物元素的摄入量普遍偏高;整体上我国各地区各矿物元素的食品来源基本相似,以谷物、蔬菜、肉类、豆类为主;12项矿物元素的指标权重范围为0.048~0.127,膳食锰指标的变异程度最大,膳食镁指标的变异程度最小;总体上,河北省、上海市等地区膳食矿物质摄入水平综合评价较好,吉林省、辽宁省等地区综合评价较差。结论各地区膳食矿物元素摄入量水平存在较大差异,与地区居民饮食结构密切相关,通过饮食多样化不断调整居民饮食结构,有助于改善居民膳食矿物质摄入不足或过剩等问题,从而进一步提升我国居民健康水平。

Objective To provide reliable basis for the coordinated development of health levels among Chinese residents,understand,the dietary structure and characteristics of Chinese residents was evaluated and analyzed through the dietary mineral intake status of adult men in China.Methods According to the average daily intake of 12 types of dietary mineral elements per adult male in 20 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)of China,which was publicly released in the Fifth China Total Diet Study,the entropy weight method and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method were used to evaluate and analyze them.Results The intake of dietary calcium and dietary zinc was significantly low,and the intake in various regions was below the recommended level.The average intake of dietary potassium,magnesium,and molybdenum basically met the recommended or appropriate intake level,while the intake of other mineral elements was generally high.Overall,the food sources of mineral elements in various regions of China were basically similar,with grains,vegetables,meat and beans as the main sources.The weight of the 12 mineral element indicators ranged from 0.048 to 0.127,with the highest degree of variation in dietary manganese indicators and the lowest degree of variation in dietary magnesium indicators.Overall,the comprehensive evaluation of dietary mineral intake levels in Hebei Province,Shanghai City and other regions was good,while the comprehensive evaluation of Jilin Province,Liaoning Province and other regions was poor.Conclusion There are significant differences in the intake levels of dietary mineral elements among different regions,which are closely related to the dietary structure of local residents.Continuously adjusting the dietary structure of residents through diversified diets can help improve problems such as insufficient or excessive dietary mineral intake,and further enhance the health level of Chinese residents.