大数据预测警务的运作机理、风险与法律规制

Mechanisms, Risks, and Legal Regulation of Big Data Predictive Policing

大数据预测警务的出现使警方侦查破案、预防和打击犯罪的能力获得突破性提升,但同时也会产生一些风险,须对其予以规制。域外预测警务已经过1.0、2.0、3.0三个阶段,预测能力不断提升,运作机理逐步优化。大数据预测警务的发展面临双重风险:一是数据的准确性、完整性和新鲜性难以保证;二是算法的错误、歧视难以避免和纠正。应当从三个方面对大数据预测警务进行规范:一是规范数据采集和处理的程序,确保数据的质量;二是建立算法审核机制,对算法的准确性和风险进行监督和评估;三是规制预测警务系统的设置与使用,确保对公民权利的保障。

The emergence of big data predictive policing has greatly improved the capacity of police to solve cases,prevent and crack down on crimes,but it also brings about certain risks that need to be regulated.Extraterritorial predictive policing has gone through three stages,namely 1.0,2.0 and 3.0.The prediction capacity has been continuously improved,and the operation mechanism has been gradually optimized.The development of big data predictive policing faces two risks:first,it is hard to ensure the accuracy,completeness,and timeliness of data;second,it is difficult to avoid or correct errors and discrimination in the algorithm.Big data predictive policing shall be regulated in the following three ways:first,the procedures for data collection and processing should be standardized to ensure the quality of data;second,the algorithm review mechanism should be established to supervise and evaluate the accuracy and risks of the algorithm;third,the establishment and use of predictive policing systems should be strictly regulated to ensure the protection of civil rights.