2013—2022年南宁市食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of foodborne diseases outbreaks in Nanning City from 2013 to 2022

目的分析2013—2022年南宁市食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为南宁市防控食源性疾病暴发事件提供决策依据。方法对2013—2022年南宁市报告的食源性疾病暴发事件进行描述流行病学分析。结果共报告事件169起,累计发病1251例,住院540例,死亡8例,年均报告16.9起,平均每起事件报告发病人数为7例。秋季是发病和住院人数最多的季节,县域患者的住院比例较城区高,发生场所以家庭为主,毒蘑菇引起的事件数最多,肉与肉制品引起的发病人数最多,桐油/桐油果引起的住院人数最多,断肠草导致的死亡人数最多。误食误用导致有毒植物及其毒素和毒蘑菇中毒、储存和加工不当引起的致病微生物相关事件是引起食源性疾病暴发事件的两个主要致病途径。结论建议加强以农村地区家庭为重点的有毒植物及其毒素、毒蘑菇以及各类致病微生物的辨识教育和食物储存加工等为主的食品安全教育,加强和完善食源性疾病报告机制,加强餐馆和集体食堂等重点场所食品安全教育和监管,在食源性疾病暴发高发季节及时发布预警和健康宣传等工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases outbreaks in Nanning City from 2013 to 2022,and provide decision-making basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases outbreaks in Nanning City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on foodborne disease outbreaks reported in Nanning City from 2013 to 2022.Results A total of 169 outbreaks of foodborne diseases were reported in Nanning City,with a cumulative incidence of 1251 cases,540 hospitalizations,and 8 deaths.The annual average number of reported outbreaks was 16.9,with an average of 7.4 reported cases per incident.Autumn was the season with the highest number of cases and hospitalizations.The proportion of hospitalized patients in county areas was higher than that in urban areas,and the incidence was mainly in families.The number of incidents caused by poisonous mushrooms was the highest,the number of cases caused by meat and meat products was the highest,the number of hospitalizations caused by tung oil/tung oil fruit was the highest,and the number of deaths caused by gelsemium elegans was the highest.The two main pathogenic pathways causing foodborne disease outbreaks were incidents related to pathogenic microorganisms caused by ingestion and misuse of toxic plants and their toxins,as well as poisoning,improper storage,and processing of poisonous mushrooms.Conclusion It is recommended to strengthen food safety education focused on identifying toxic plants and their toxins,toxic mushrooms,and various pathogenic microorganisms in rural households,as well as food storage and processing.The reporting mechanism for foodborne diseases should be strengthened and improved,and food safety education and supervision should be strengthened in key places such as restaurants and collective canteens.Early warnings should be issued in a timely manner during the peak season of foodborne disease outbreaks.