正念与中老年人睡眠质量的关系及机制研究

Study on relationship and mechanism between mindfulness and sleep quality of middle-aged and elderly people

目的了解中老年人睡眠质量与正念的关系及感知压力和认知重评在其中的作用。方法2023年3—4月招募中老年人(年龄≥45岁)579名,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、简版五因素正念觉知量表(shortform five facet mindfulness questionnaire,SF-FFMQ)、中文版感知压力量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)、情绪调节量表(emotion regulation scale,ERS)进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果中老年人的PSQI总分为(11.1±5.1)分,SF-FFMQ总分为(62.9±7.4)分,CPSS总分为(37.1±7.4)分,认知重评总分为(24.0±4.8)分。中老年人SF-FFMQ总分与PSQI总分、CPSS总分均呈负相关(r=-0.25、-0.52,均P<0.01),CPSS总分与PSQI总分呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.01)。中老年人的CPSS得分在SF-FFMQ得分与PSQI得分之间起中介作用,中介效应为-0.09,95%CI为-0.13~-0.06;SF-FFMQ得分与认知重评得分的交互作用与CPSS得分(β=-0.07,P<0.05)及PSQI得分负向关联(β=-0.10,P<0.01),认知重评得分调节了CPSS得分在SF-FFMQ得分与PSQI得分之间的中介效应,即在低认知重评得分时(-1s),CPSS得分的间接效应为-0.06,95%CI为-0.11~-0.03,而在高认知重评下(+1s),CPSS得分的间接效应为-0.09,95%CI为0.14~-0.04。结论中老年人的正念水平可以直接预测睡眠质量,也可以通过感知压力间接预测睡眠质量;认知重评不仅在正念水平和睡眠质量之间起调节效应,在感知压力的中介作用中也起到调节效应。提高正念水平、认知重评能力,减少感知压力有利于促进中老年人的睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality of middle-aged and elderly people as well as the roles of perceived stress and cognitive reappraisal.Methods From March to April of 2023,579 middle-aged and elderly people(age≥45 years old)were enrolled and measured with Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),short-form five facet mindfulness questionnaire(SF-FFMQ),Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS)and emotion regulation scale(ERS),and the data were analyzed.Results The total PSQI score of middle-aged and elderly people was(11.1±5.1)points,the total score of SF-FFMQ was(62.9±7.4)points,the total score of CPSS was(37.1±7.4)points,and the total score of cognitive reappraisal was(24.0±4.8)points.The total score of SF-FFMQ in middle-aged and elderly people was negatively correlated with the total score of PSQI and the total score of CPSS(r=-0.25,-0.52,both P<0.01).The total score of CPSS was positively correlated with the total score of PSQI(r=0.39,P<0.01).The CPSS scores of middle-aged and elderly people played a mediating role between SF-FFMQ scores and PSQI scores,the mediating effect was-0.09,and 95%CI was-0.13--0.06.The interaction effects of SF-FFMQ score and cognitive reappraisal score were negatively related to CPSS score(β=-0.07,P<0.05)and PSQI score(β=-0.10,P<0.01),the cognitive reappraisal score moderated the mesomeric effect of CPSS score between SF-FFMQ score and PSQI score,that is,when the cognitive reappraisal score was low(-1s),the indirect effect of CPSS score was-0.06,and 95%CI was-0.11--0.03,but when the cognitive reappraisal score was high(+1s),the indirect effect of CPSS score was-0.09,and 95%CI was 0.14--0.04.Conclusions The mindfulness level of middle-aged and elderly people can directly predict sleep quality,and can also indirectly predict sleep through perceived stress.The cognitive reappraisal not only mediates the relationship between mindfulness level and sleep quality,but also plays a regulatory role in the mediating effect of perceived stress.Improving mindfulness levels and cognitive reappraisal abilities,and reducing perceived stress are beneficial to promoting sleep quality of middle-aged and elderly people.