铅通过胶质细胞诱发神经毒性的研究进展

Research progress on Pb-induced neurotoxicity through glial cells

铅是我国最主要的职业性有害因素之一,职业性铅中毒是铅中毒最主要的原因。铅可通过空气、食物、饮用水、皮肤等进入人体,在体内的多个器官蓄积,给人体造成健康风险,尤其是铅作业工人。既往许多研究表明铅可影响小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞等胶质细胞的功能,产生不可逆转的神经损伤。本文概述铅通过胶质细胞诱导的神经毒性机制,阐述铅可诱导阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和肌萎缩侧索硬化等神经退行性疾病,并对铅和胶质细胞的关系进行综述,为进一步研究铅对胶质细胞的神经毒性机制提供参考。

Lead is one of the most important occupational hazards in China,and occupational exposure is the leading cause of lead poisoning.Lead can be absorbed by the body through air,food,drinking water and skin,and accumulate in multiple organs in the body,posing health risks to humans,especially to lead workers.Many previous studies have shown that lead can affect the function of glial cells such as microglia,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes,resulting in irreversible neurological damage.This article provides an overview of the neurotoxic mechanism induced by lead through glial cells,elucidates that lead can induce neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease,Parkinson′s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and reviews the relationship between lead and glial cells,in order to provide reference for further research on the neurotoxic mechanism of lead on glial cells.