水果和蔬菜过敏组分诊断及临床管理策略

Component-resolved diagnostics of fruit and vegetable allergy:precise identification and individualized treatment strategies

蔬菜和水果过敏是全球范围内常见的食物过敏类型,主要由对花粉的原发性致敏引发。多数蔬菜和水果中的过敏原属于PR-10蛋白、Profilin和nsLTPs等常见的交叉过敏原,这些过敏原在不同植物中的存在可能导致广泛的交叉过敏反应。过敏原组分诊断(CRD)通过更精确地识别具体的致敏蛋白,能够提高诊断的准确性,有助于医生为患者提供更精准的治疗和管理建议,并减少不必要的食物回避。本文基于欧洲过敏和临床免疫学会(EAACI)发布的《过敏原组分诊断指导建议2.0》,解析了蔬菜和水果过敏的主要机制、相关过敏原及其诊断和临床管理策略。本文旨在提高医疗专业人员对水果和蔬菜过敏的理解,为水果和蔬菜过敏的研究和诊疗提供新的视角和实践指南,促进水果和蔬菜过敏的精准诊断和个性化治疗。

Vegetable and fruit allergies are common types of food allergies worldwide,most of them are triggered by primary sensitization to pollen.Most allergens in vegetables and fruits belong to a few cross-reactive proteins such as PR-10 proteins,profilins,and nsLTPs.The presence of these allergens in various plants can lead to widespread cross-reactive allergic responses.Component-resolved diagnostics(CRD)can improve diagnostic accuracy by precisely identifying specific allergenic proteins,aiding physicians in making more accurate treatment and management decisions,and reducing unnecessary food avoidance.This article,based on the"Molecular Allergology User′s Guide 2.0(MAUG 2.0)"issued by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology(EAACI),analyzes the primary mechanisms,relevant allergens,and diagnostic and clinical management strategies for vegetable and fruit allergies.By detailing and analyzing these allergenic components,this article may help the healthcare professionals to deep the understandings of vegetable and fruit allergies,offer new perspectives and practical guideline for the research and treatment of these allergies,and promot the development of precise diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies.