机器人应用、人机适配与工资效应

Robots Application,Human-Machine Match and Wage Effects

本文利用中国企业-员工匹配调查数据,从微观层面研究机器人应用对劳动力工资的影响及其机制。研究发现,机器人应用能够带来5.4%的工资增长效应,从经验上验证了中国制造业企业机器人应用的“生产率效应”大于“替代效应”。作用机制是通过企业员工结构与机器人适配,提高企业全要素生产率,进而提高平均工资。新技术显著改变了不同技能的工资溢价,认知技能越高的员工,越有可能获得更高的工资。蒙特卡洛随机模拟表明,提升劳动者技能的公共政策可以有效应对新技术革命带来的收入差距扩大。本文的研究对于中国的智能化技术应用、人力资本积累和收入分配具有重要的政策含义。

This paper utilizes data from the China Enterprise-Employee Matching Survey to investigate the effects of robots applications on labor wages and the mechanism.The study finds that robots application can lead to an average wage increase of 5.4%,empirically verifying that the“productivity effect”of robot adoption in Chinese manufacturing exceeds the“substitution effect.”The adaptation between employee composition and robots can enhance total factor productivity,which subsequently raises average wages.New technologies significantly alter wage premiums across different skill levels,with higher cognitive skills correlating with greater wage potential.Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that public policies aimed at skill enhancement can effectively address the challenges of income inequality posed by the technological revolution.The findings of this study have important policy implications for the application of new intelligent technologies,human capital accumulation,and income distribution reform in China.